Oracle 基本建表语句

--创建用户
create user han identified by han default tablespace
users Temporary TABLESPACE Temp;
grant connect,resource,dba to han; //授予用户han开发人员的权利
--------------------对表的操作--------------------------

创建表格语法:
     create table 表名(
       字段名1 字段类型(长度) 是否为空,
        字段名2 字段类型       是否为空
);
-增加主键
     alter table 表名 add constraint 主键名 primary key (字段名1);
-增加外键:
     alter table 表名
       add constraint 外键名 foreign key (字段名1)
         references 关联表 (字段名2);
在建立表格时就指定主键和外键
    create table T_STU (
      STU_ID               char(5)                         not null,
       STU_NAME             varchar2(8)                     not null,
      constraint PK_T_STU primary key (STU_ID)
);

主键和外键一起建立：
     create table T_SCORE (
       EXAM_SCORE           number(5,2),
       EXAM_DATE            date,
        AUTOID               number(10)                      not null,
       STU_ID               char(5),
       SUB_ID               char(3),
       constraint PK_T_SCORE primary key (AUTOID),
       constraint FK_T_SCORE_REFE foreign key (STU_ID)
        references T_STU (STU_ID)
)



--创建表
create table classes(
       id number(9) not null primary key,
       classname varchar2(40) not null
)     
--查询表
select * from classes;
--删除表
drop table students;
--修改表的名称
rename alist_table_copy to alist_table;
--显示表结构
describe test --不对没查到
-----------------------对字段的操作-----------------------------------
--增加列
alter table test add address varchar2(40);
--删除列
alter table test drop column address;
--修改列的名称
alter table test modify address addresses varchar(40;
--修改列的属性
alter table test modi
create table test1(
       id number(9) primary key not null,
       name varchar2(34)
      )
rename test2 to test;
--创建自增的序列
create sequence class_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;
select class_seq.currval from dual
--插入数据
insert into classes values(class_seq.nextval,'软件一班')
commit;
--更新数据
update stu_account set username='aaa' where count_id=2;
commit;
--创建唯一索引
create unique index username on stu_account(username);   --唯一索引 不能插入相同的数据
--行锁 在新打开的对话中不能对此行进行操作
select * from stu_account t where t.count_id=2 for update; --行锁

--alter table stuinfo modify sty_id to stu_id;
alter table students drop constraint class_fk;
alter table students add constraint class_fk foreign key (class_id) references classes(id);--外键约束
alter table stuinfo add constraint stu_fk foreign key (stu_id) references students(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;--外键约束,级联删除
alter table stuinfo drop constant stu_fk;  
insert into students values(stu_seq.nextval,'张三',1,sysdate);
insert into stuinfo values(stu_seq.currval,'威海');
select * from stuinfo;
create table zhuce(
       zc_id number(9) not null primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       zhucetime date default sysdate
)
create table feiyong (
       fy_id number(9) not null primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       mx_id number(9) not null,
       yijiao number(7,2) not null default 0,
       qianfei number(7,2) not null
      
)

create talbe fymingxi(
       mx_id number(9) not null primary key,
       feiyong number(7,2) not null,     //共7位数字，小数后有两位
       class_id number(9) not null
}
create table card(
       card_id number(9) primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       money number(7,2) not null default 0,
       status number(1) not null default 0   --0表可用,1表挂失
)
--链表查询
select c.classname||'_'||s.stu_name as 班级_姓名,si.address from classes c,students s , stuinfo si where c.id=s.class_id and s.id=si.stu_id;
insert into students values(stu_seq.nextval,'李四',1,sysdate);
insert into stuinfo values(stu_seq.currval,'南京');
--函数
select rownum,id,stu_name from students t order by id asc;

--中间表实现多对多关联
--（1   1， 1   n，n 1，n n ）

--1 n的描述   1的表不作处理   n的表有1表的字段
--1 1的描述   主外键关联
--n n的描述 中间表实现多对多关联
create　table course(
         course_id number(9) not null,
         couser_name varchar2(40) not null
)
alter table course to couse;
create table stu_couse(
       stu_couse_id number(9) primary key,
       stu_id number(9) not null,
       couse_id number(9) not null
)
create unique index stu_couse_unq on stu_couse(stu_id,couse_id); --唯一学生
create sequence stu_couse_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

create sequence couses_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'计算机原理');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'编译原理');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'数据库原理');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'数据结构');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'计算机基础');
insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'C语言初步');
commit;
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,1);
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,3);
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,5);
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,5);
insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,2,1);
commit;
select * from stu_couse;
select * from course;
--select s.stu_name,sc.couse_id, c.couser_name from students s,course c,stu_couse sc where stu_id=1
--select couse_id from stu_couse where stu_id=1
select cl.classname,s.stu_name,c.couser_name from stu_couse sc, students s,course c,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.course_id and s.class_id=cl.id and s.id=1;
--班级——姓名
select c.classname,s.stu_name from students s,classes c where s.class_id=c.id and s.id=2;
select * from students s where s.id=2
--班级——姓名——课程
select cl.classname,s.stu_name,c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl,couse c where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and s.id=26;

--sql 语句的写法，现写出关联到的表，然后写出要查找的字段，第三 写出关联条件   ，记住在写关联到的表时先写数据多的表，这样有助于提高sql的效率
select c.couser_name,s.stu_name from stu_couse sc,students s,course c where c.course_id=1 and c.course_id=sc.couse_id and sc.stu_id=s.id;
select s.stu_name from students s,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;

select c.classname,count(sc.couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes c where s.class_id=c.id and s.id=sc.stu_id group by c.classname;
select s.stu_name, count(sc.couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id group by s.id,s.stu_name having count(sc.stu_couse_id)>3;
班级 学生 选课数量
select cl.classname,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and s.class_id=cl.id group by cl.classname;

--班级 学生 选课数量
select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.stu_name;
select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc ,students s,classes cl where sc.stu_id=s.id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.id;
select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where sc.stu_id=s.id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.stu_name;
--班级 学生 所选课程id 所选课程名称

--创建试图 目的把表联合起来 然后看成一个表，在与其他的联合进行查询
create view xsxk as select cl.classname, s.stu_name,c.couse_id, c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl,couse c where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and s.class_id=cl.id;
select * from xsxk

create view classstu as select s.id,c.classname,s.stu_name from students s,classes c where c.id=s.class_id;
drop view classstu; --删除视图
select * from classstu;

create view stu_couse_view as select s.id ,c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id;
select * from stu_couse_view;

create view csc as select cs.classname,cs.stu_name,scv.couse_name from classstu cs,stu_couse_view scv where cs.id=scv.id;
select * from csc;

select * from classes cross join students; --全连接，相当于select * from classes,students;
select * from classes cl left join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --左连接 不管左表有没有 都显示出来
select * from classes cl right join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --右连接
select * from classes cl full join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --全连接

insert into classes values(class_seq.nextval,'软件四班');
create table sales(
       nian varchar2(4),
       yeji number(5)
      
);
insert into sales values('2001',200);
insert into sales values('2002',300);
insert into sales values('2003',400);
insert into sales values('2004',500);
commit;
select * from sales;
drop table sale;

select s1.nian,sum(s2.yeji) from sales s1,sales s2 where s1.nian>=s2.nian group by s1.nian order by s1.nian desc;
select s1.nian,sum(s2.yeji) from sales s1,sales s2 where s1.nian>=s2.nian group by s1.nian;
s
       年       年业绩总和
       2001     200
       2002     500
       2003     900
       2004     1400

create table test1(
       t_id number(4)
);
create table org(
       org_id number(9) not null primary key,
       org_name varchar2(40) not null,
       parent_id number(9)
);
create sequence org_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;
drop sequence org_seq;
insert into org values(1,'华建集团',0);
insert into org values(2,'华建集团一分公司',1);
insert into org values(3,'华建集团二分公司',1);
insert into org values(4,'华建集团财务部',1);
insert into org values(5,'华建集团工程部',1);
insert into org values(6,'华建集团一分公司财务处',2);
insert into org values(7,'华建集团一分公司工程处',2);
select * from org;
--不正确 不能实现循环
select b.org_id , b.org_name ,b.parent_id from org a,org b where a.org_id=7 and a.parent_id=b.org_id;
select * from org connect by prior parent_id=org_id start with org_id=7 order by org_id;
select * from org connect by prior org_id=parent_id start with org_id=1 order by org_id;
create table chengji(
       cj_id number(9) not null primary key,
       stu_cou_id number(9) not null,
       fen number(4,1)
      
);
insert into chengji values(1,1,62);
insert into chengji values(2,2,90);
insert into chengji values(3,3,85);
insert into chengji values(4,4,45);
insert into chengji values(5,5,68);
insert into chengji values(6,6,87);
commit;
select * from chengji;
select * from stu_couse;
--在oracle 中好像不适用 alter table chengji change stu_cou_id stu_couse_id;alter table shop_jb change price1 price double;
学生姓名   平均分
select s.stu_name,avg(cj.fen) from stu_couse sc,chengji cj,students s where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;
select s.stu_name from students s,stu_couse sc,chengji cj where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;
select s.stu_name,cj.fen from students s,stu_couse sc,chengji cj where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60;
学生姓名   科目   成绩
select s.stu_name,c.couse_name,cj.fen from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60 order by=;
select * from stu_couse;
--集合运算
--选择了课程3的学生   union 选择了课程5的学生   并集
--选择了课程3 或者 选择了课程5的学生
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=3
union
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=5
--选择了课程3，5，2 的学生 intersect 选择课程1，2，4的学生    交集
--求选择了课程 2 并且 选择了课程 3 的学生   交集
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=2
intersect
select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=3;

--选择了课程3，5，8的学生   minus 选择了课程1，7，8的学生   --差集
-- 求所有课程的成绩都大于 60 的学生 差集
select distinct(s.stu_name) from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60
minus
select distinct(s.stu_name) from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen<60;