Spring定时器的两种实现方式一（timer）

有两种流行Spring定时器配置：Java的Timer类和OpenSymphony的Quartz。

1.Java Timer定时

相信做软件的朋友都有这样的经历，我的软件是不是少了点什么东西呢？比如定时任务啊，

就拿新闻发布系统来说，如果新闻的数据更新太快，势必涉及一个问题，这些新闻不能由人工的去发布，应该让系统自己发布，这就需要用到定时定制任务了，以前定制任务无非就是设计一个Thread，并且设置运行时间片，让它到了那个时间执行一次，就ok了，让系统启动的时候启动它，想来也够简单的。不过有了spring，我想这事情就更简单了。

看看spring的配置文件，想来就只有这个配置文件了

xml 代码

1. <beanid="infoCenterAutoBuildTask"
2. class="com.teesoo.teanet.scheduling.InfoCenterAutoBuildTask">
3. <propertyname="baseService"ref="baseService"/>
4. <propertyname="htmlCreator"ref="htmlCreator"/>
5. </bean>
7. <beanid="scheduledTask"
8. class="org.springframework.scheduling.timer.ScheduledTimerTask">
9. <!--wait10secondsbeforestartingrepeatedexecution-->
10. <propertyname="delay"value="10000"/>
11. <!--runevery50seconds-->
12. <propertyname="period"value="1000000"/>
13. <propertyname="timerTask"ref="infoCenterAutoBuildTask"/>
14. </bean>
17. <beanid="timerFactory"class="org.springframework.scheduling.timer.TimerFactoryBean">
18. <propertyname="scheduledTimerTasks">
19. <list>
20. <!--seetheexampleabove-->
21. <refbean="scheduledTask"/>
22. </list>
23. </property>
24. </bean>

上面三个配置文件中只有一个配置文件是涉及到您自己的class的，其他的都是spring的类。很简单吧

我们只需要涉及一个class让他继承java.util.TimerTask;

java 代码

1. BaseTaskextendsjava.util.TimerTask{
2. //用户只需要实现这个方面，把自己的任务放到这里
3. publicvoidrun(){
4. }
5. }

下面让我们来看看 spring的源代码

java 代码

1. /*
2. *Copyright2002-2005theoriginalauthororauthors.
3. *
4. *LicensedundertheApacheLicense,Version2.0(the"License");
5. *youmaynotusethisfileexceptincompliancewiththeLicense.
6. *YoumayobtainacopyoftheLicenseat
7. *
8. *http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9. *
10. *Unlessrequiredbyapplicablelaworagreedtoinwriting,software
11. *distributedundertheLicenseisdistributedonan"ASIS"BASIS,
12. *WITHOUTWARRANTIESORCONDITIONSOFANYKIND,eitherexpressorimplied.
13. *SeetheLicenseforthespecificlanguagegoverningpermissionsand
14. *limitationsundertheLicense.
15. */
17. packageorg.springframework.scheduling.timer;
19. importjava.util.TimerTask;
21. /**
22. *JavaBeanthatdescribesascheduledTimerTask,consistingof
23. *theTimerTaskitself(oraRunnabletocreateaTimerTaskfor)
24. *andadelayplusperiod.Periodneedstobespecified;
25. *thereisnopointinadefaultforit.
26. *
27. *<p>TheJDKTimerdoesnotoffermoresophisticatedscheduling
28. *optionssuchascronexpressions.ConsiderusingQuartzfor
29. *suchadvancedneeds.
30. *
31. *<p>NotethatTimerusesaTimerTaskinstancethatisshared
32. *betweenrepeatedexecutions,incontrasttoQuartzwhich
33. *instantiatesanewJobforeachexecution.
34. *
35. *@authorJuergenHoeller
36. *@since19.02.2004
37. *@seejava.util.TimerTask
38. *@seejava.util.Timer#schedule(TimerTask,long,long)
39. *@seejava.util.Timer#scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask,long,long)
40. */
41. publicclassScheduledTimerTask{
43. privateTimerTasktimerTask;
45. privatelongdelay=0;
47. privatelongperiod=0;
49. privatebooleanfixedRate=false;
52. /**
53. *CreateanewScheduledTimerTask,
54. *tobepopulatedviabeanproperties.
55. *@see#setTimerTask
56. *@see#setDelay
57. *@see#setPeriod
58. *@see#setFixedRate
59. */
60. publicScheduledTimerTask(){
61. }
63. /**
64. *CreateanewScheduledTimerTask,withdefault
65. *one-timeexecutionwithoutdelay.
66. *@paramtimerTasktheTimerTasktoschedule
67. */
68. publicScheduledTimerTask(TimerTasktimerTask){
69. this.timerTask=timerTask;
70. }
72. /**
73. *CreateanewScheduledTimerTask,withdefault
74. *one-timeexecutionwiththegivendelay.
75. *@paramtimerTasktheTimerTasktoschedule
76. *@paramdelaythedelaybeforestartingthetaskforthefirsttime(ms)
77. */
78. publicScheduledTimerTask(TimerTasktimerTask,longdelay){
79. this.timerTask=timerTask;
80. this.delay=delay;
81. }
83. /**
84. *CreateanewScheduledTimerTask.
85. *@paramtimerTasktheTimerTasktoschedule
86. *@paramdelaythedelaybeforestartingthetaskforthefirsttime(ms)
87. *@paramperiodtheperiodbetweenrepeatedtaskexecutions(ms)
88. *@paramfixedRatewhethertoscheduleasfixed-rateexecution
89. */
90. publicScheduledTimerTask(TimerTasktimerTask,longdelay,longperiod,booleanfixedRate){
91. this.timerTask=timerTask;
92. this.delay=delay;
93. this.period=period;
94. this.fixedRate=fixedRate;
95. }
97. /**
98. *CreateanewScheduledTimerTask,withdefault
99. *one-timeexecutionwithoutdelay.
100. *@paramtimerTasktheRunnabletoscheduleasTimerTask
101. */
102. publicScheduledTimerTask(RunnabletimerTask){
103. setRunnable(timerTask);
104. }
106. /**
107. *CreateanewScheduledTimerTask,withdefault
108. *one-timeexecutionwiththegivendelay.
109. *@paramtimerTasktheRunnabletoscheduleasTimerTask
110. *@paramdelaythedelaybeforestartingthetaskforthefirsttime(ms)
111. */
112. publicScheduledTimerTask(RunnabletimerTask,longdelay){
113. setRunnable(timerTask);
114. this.delay=delay;
115. }
117. /**
118. *CreateanewScheduledTimerTask.
119. *@paramtimerTasktheRunnabletoscheduleasTimerTask
120. *@paramdelaythedelaybeforestartingthetaskforthefirsttime(ms)
121. *@paramperiodtheperiodbetweenrepeatedtaskexecutions(ms)
122. *@paramfixedRatewhethertoscheduleasfixed-rateexecution
123. */
124. publicScheduledTimerTask(RunnabletimerTask,longdelay,longperiod,booleanfixedRate){
125. setRunnable(timerTask);
126. this.delay=delay;
127. this.period=period;
128. this.fixedRate=fixedRate;
129. }
132. /**
133. *SettheRunnabletoscheduleasTimerTask.
134. *@seeDelegatingTimerTask
135. */
136. publicvoidsetRunnable(RunnabletimerTask){
137. this.timerTask=newDelegatingTimerTask(timerTask);
138. }
140. /**
141. *SettheTimerTasktoschedule.
142. */
143. publicvoidsetTimerTask(TimerTasktimerTask){
144. this.timerTask=timerTask;
145. }
147. /**
148. *ReturntheTimerTasktoschedule.
149. */
150. publicTimerTaskgetTimerTask(){
151. returntimerTask;
152. }
154. /**
155. *Setthedelaybeforestartingthetaskforthefirsttime,
156. *inmilliseconds.Defaultis0,immediatelystartingthe
157. *taskaftersuccessfulscheduling.
158. */
159. publicvoidsetDelay(longdelay){
160. this.delay=delay;
161. }
163. /**
164. *Returnthedelaybeforestartingthejobforthefirsttime.
165. */
166. publiclonggetDelay(){
167. returndelay;
168. }
170. /**
171. *Settheperiodbetweenrepeatedtaskexecutions,inmilliseconds.
172. *Defaultis0,leadingtoone-timeexecution.Incaseofapositive
173. *value,thetaskwillbeexecutedrepeatedly,withthegiveninterval
174. *inbetweenexecutions.
175. *<p>Notethatthesemanticsoftheperiodvarybetweenfixed-rate
176. *andfixed-delayexecution.
177. *@see#setFixedRate
178. */
179. publicvoidsetPeriod(longperiod){
180. this.period=period;
181. }
183. /**
184. *Returntheperiodbetweenrepeatedtaskexecutions.
185. */
186. publiclonggetPeriod(){
187. returnperiod;
188. }
190. /**
191. *Setwhethertoscheduleasfixed-rateexecution,ratherthan
192. *fixed-delayexecution.Defaultis"false",i.e.fixeddelay.
193. *<p>SeeTimerjavadocfordetailsonthoseexecutionmodes.
194. *@seejava.util.Timer#schedule(TimerTask,long,long)
195. *@seejava.util.Timer#scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask,long,long)
196. */
197. publicvoidsetFixedRate(booleanfixedRate){
198. this.fixedRate=fixedRate;
199. }
201. /**
202. *Returnwhethertoscheduleasfixed-rateexecution.
203. */
204. publicbooleanisFixedRate(){
205. returnfixedRate;
206. }
208. }

说实话这个类也没什么，只是简单的包装了我们的timertask，里面也就只有几个属性，一个是时间片，一个是任务等。

真正运行我们的任务的类是：

java 代码

1. /*
2. *Copyright2002-2006theoriginalauthororauthors.
3. *
4. *LicensedundertheApacheLicense,Version2.0(the"License");
5. *youmaynotusethisfileexceptincompliancewiththeLicense.
6. *YoumayobtainacopyoftheLicenseat
7. *
8. *http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9. *
10. *Unlessrequiredbyapplicablelaworagreedtoinwriting,software
11. *distributedundertheLicenseisdistributedonan"ASIS"BASIS,
12. *WITHOUTWARRANTIESORCONDITIONSOFANYKIND,eitherexpressorimplied.
13. *SeetheLicenseforthespecificlanguagegoverningpermissionsand
14. *limitationsundertheLicense.
15. */
17. packageorg.springframework.scheduling.timer;
19. importjava.util.Timer;
21. importorg.apache.commons.logging.Log;
22. importorg.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
24. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
25. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
26. importorg.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
28. /**
29. *FactoryBeanthatsetsupaJDK1.3+Timerandexposesitforbeanreferences.
30. *
31. *<p>AllowsforregistrationofScheduledTimerTasks,automaticallystarting
32. *theTimeroninitializationandcancellingitondestructionofthecontext.
33. *Inscenariosthatjustrequirestaticregistrationoftasksatstartup,
34. *thereisnoneedtoaccesstheTimerinstanceitselfinapplicationcode.
35. *
36. *<p>NotethatTimerusesaTimerTaskinstancethatissharedbetween
37. *repeatedexecutions,incontrasttoQuartzwhichinstantiatesanew
38. *Jobforeachexecution.
39. *
40. *@authorJuergenHoeller
41. *@since19.02.2004
42. *@seeScheduledTimerTask
43. *@seejava.util.Timer
44. *@seejava.util.TimerTask
45. */
46. publicclassTimerFactoryBeanimplementsFactoryBean,InitializingBean,DisposableBean{
48. protectedfinalLoglogger=LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
50. privateScheduledTimerTask[]scheduledTimerTasks;
52. privatebooleandaemon=false;
54. privateTimertimer;
57. /**
58. *RegisteralistofScheduledTimerTaskobjectswiththeTimerthat
59. *thisFactoryBeancreates.DependingoneachSchedulerTimerTask's
60. *settings,itwillberegisteredviaoneofTimer'sschedulemethods.
61. *@seejava.util.Timer#schedule(java.util.TimerTask,long)
62. *@seejava.util.Timer#schedule(java.util.TimerTask,long,long)
63. *@seejava.util.Timer#scheduleAtFixedRate(java.util.TimerTask,long,long)
64. */
65. publicvoidsetScheduledTimerTasks(ScheduledTimerTask[]scheduledTimerTasks){
66. this.scheduledTimerTasks=scheduledTimerTasks;
67. }
69. /**
70. *Setwhetherthetimershoulduseadaemonthread,
71. *justexecutingaslongastheapplicationitselfisrunning.
72. *<p>Defaultis"false":Thetimerwillautomaticallygetcancelledon
73. *destructionofthisFactoryBean.Hence,iftheapplicationshutsdown,
74. *taskswillbydefaultfinishtheirexecution.Specify"true"foreager
75. *shutdownofthreadsthatexecutetasks.
76. *@seejava.util.Timer#Timer(boolean)
77. */
78. publicvoidsetDaemon(booleandaemon){
79. this.daemon=daemon;
80. }
83. publicvoidafterPropertiesSet(){
84. logger.info("InitializingTimer");
85. this.timer=createTimer(this.daemon);
87. //RegisterallScheduledTimerTasks.
88. if(this.scheduledTimerTasks!=null){
89. for(inti=0;i<this.scheduledTimerTasks.length;i++){
90. ScheduledTimerTaskscheduledTask=this.scheduledTimerTasks[i];
91. if(scheduledTask.getPeriod()>0){
92. //repeatedtaskexecution
93. if(scheduledTask.isFixedRate()){
94. this.timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(
95. scheduledTask.getTimerTask(),scheduledTask.getDelay(),scheduledTask.getPeriod());
96. }
97. else{
98. this.timer.schedule(
99. scheduledTask.getTimerTask(),scheduledTask.getDelay(),scheduledTask.getPeriod());
100. }
101. }
102. else{
103. //One-timetaskexecution.
104. this.timer.schedule(scheduledTask.getTimerTask(),scheduledTask.getDelay());
105. }
106. }
107. }
108. }
110. /**
111. *CreateanewTimerinstance.Calledby<code>afterPropertiesSet</code>.
112. *CanbeoverriddeninsubclassestoprovidecustomTimersubclasses.
113. *@paramdaemonwhethertocreateaTimerthatrunsasdaemonthread
114. *@returnanewTimerinstance
115. *@see#afterPropertiesSet()
116. *@seejava.util.Timer#Timer(boolean)
117. */
118. protectedTimercreateTimer(booleandaemon){
119. returnnewTimer(daemon);
120. }
123. publicObjectgetObject(){
124. returnthis.timer;
125. }
127. publicClassgetObjectType(){
128. returnTimer.class;
129. }
131. publicbooleanisSingleton(){
132. returntrue;
133. }
136. /**
137. *CanceltheTimeronbeanfactoryshutdown,stoppingallscheduledtasks.
138. *@seejava.util.Timer#cancel()
139. */
140. publicvoiddestroy(){
141. logger.info("CancellingTimer");
142. this.timer.cancel();
143. }
145. }

这个类就是运行我们任务的类了，我们可以定制N个任务，只需要塞到这里就ok了