【转】JPA persistence.xml 文件

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JPA配置文件

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0">
    <persistence-unit name="eclipselink" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.driver" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.password" value=""/>
            <property name="eclipselink.target-database"
                      value="org.eclipse.persistence.platform.database.HSQLPlatform"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.logging.level" value="OFF"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.orm.throw.exceptions" value="true"/>

            <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation" value="drop-and-create-tables"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation.output-mode" value="database"/>

        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
    <persistence-unit name="embeddedeclipselink" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.PersistenceProvider</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.driver" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.jdbc.password" value=""/>
            <property name="eclipselink.target-database"
                      value="org.eclipse.persistence.platform.database.HSQLPlatform"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.logging.level" value="OFF"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.orm.throw.exceptions" value="true"/>

            <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation" value="drop-and-create-tables"/>
            <property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation.output-mode" value="database"/>

            <property name="eclipselink.session.customizer"
                      value="org.compass.gps.device.jpa.embedded.eclipselink.CompassSessionCustomizer"/>

            <property name="compass.engine.connection" value="target/test-index"/>
            <property name="compass.debug" value="true" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
    <persistence-unit name="toplink" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.driver" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.password" value=""/>
            <property name="toplink.target-database" value="oracle.toplink.essentials.platform.database.HSQLPlatform"/>
            <property name="toplink.logging.level" value="OFF"/>
            <property name="toplink.orm.throw.exceptions" value="true"/>

            <property name="toplink.ddl-generation" value="drop-and-create-tables"/>
            <property name="toplink.ddl-generation.output-mode" value="database"/>

        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
    <persistence-unit name="embeddedtoplink" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.driver" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.user" value="sa"/>
            <property name="toplink.jdbc.password" value=""/>
            <property name="toplink.target-database" value="oracle.toplink.essentials.platform.database.HSQLPlatform"/>
            <property name="toplink.logging.level" value="OFF"/>
            <property name="toplink.orm.throw.exceptions" value="true"/>

            <property name="toplink.ddl-generation" value="drop-and-create-tables"/>
            <property name="toplink.ddl-generation.output-mode" value="database"/>

            <property name="toplink.session.customizer"
                      value="org.compass.gps.device.jpa.embedded.toplink.CompassSessionCustomizer"/>

            <property name="compass.engine.connection" value="target/test-index"/>
            <property name="compass.debug" value="true" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
    <persistence-unit name="hibernate" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
            <property name="hibernate.search.autoregister_listeners" value="false"/>

            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create"/>
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
    <persistence-unit name="embeddedhibernate" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa"/>
            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value=""/>
            <property name="hibernate.search.autoregister_listeners" value="true"/>

            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create"/>

            <property name="compass.engine.connection" value="target/test-index"/>
            <property name="compass.debug" value="true" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
    <persistence-unit name="openjpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="openjpa.jdbc.DBDictionary" value="hsql"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionDriverName" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionURL" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionUserName" value="sa"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionPassword" value=""/>

            <property name="openjpa.jdbc.SynchronizeMappings" value="buildSchema"/>
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>

    <persistence-unit name="embeddedopenjpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>org.apache.openjpa.persistence.PersistenceProviderImpl</provider>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.Simple</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleBase</class>
        <class>org.compass.gps.device.jpa.model.SimpleExtend</class>
        <exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
        <properties>
            <property name="openjpa.jdbc.DBDictionary" value="hsql"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionDriverName" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionURL" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:test"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionUserName" value="sa"/>
            <property name="openjpa.ConnectionPassword" value=""/>

            <property name="openjpa.jdbc.SynchronizeMappings" value="buildSchema"/>

            <property name="compass.engine.connection" value="target/test-index"/>
            <property name="compass.debug" value="true" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

附上一篇不错的文章

来源：http://www.cnblogs.com/luxh/archive/2012/05/24/2516282.html

persistence.xml文件必须定义在classpath路径下的META-INF文件夹中。

我们看看基于Hibernate提供的一个比较完整的JPA2.0的persistence.xml文件。

　　persistence.xml:　

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" 
              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
              xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence 
              http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
     
     <!--必须要有name属性，不能为空 -->
      <persistence-unit name="jpaPU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
           <!--可选 -->
           <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
           <!--可选 -->
           <jta-data-source>java:/DefaultDS</jta-data-source>
           <!--可选 -->
           <mapping-file>ormap.xml</mapping-file>
           <!--可选 -->
           <jar-file>MyApp.jar</jar-file>
           <!--可选 -->
           <class>org.acme.Employee</class>
           <!--可选 -->
           <shared-cache-mode>ENABLE_SELECTOVE</shared-cache-mode>
           <!--可选 -->
           <validation-mode>CALLBACK</validation-mode>
           
           <!--厂商的特定属性 -->
           <properties>
              <!--配置Hibernate方言 -->
              <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect" />
              <!--配置数据库驱动 -->
              <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
              <!--配置数据库用户名 -->
              <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root" />
              <!--配置数据库密码 -->
              <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="root" />
              <!--配置数据库url -->
              <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8" />
              <!--设置外连接抓取树的最大深度 -->
              <property name="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" value="3" />
              <!--自动输出schema创建DDL语句 -->
              <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />    
           </properties>
      </persistence-unit>
              
  </persistence>

　　xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"

　　要注意使用的是2.0规范

　　name　　

　　JPA2.0规范要求每一个持久化单元必须有一个名字，不能为空。即persistence-unit name="manager1"的name不能为空。

　　transaction-type

　　使用的事务类型。有JTA和RESOURCE_LOCAL两种类型可以选择。在JavaEE环境中默认为JTA,在JavaSE环境中默认为RESOURCE_LOCAL。当在persistent.xml文件使用<jta-data-source>,默认就是JTA事务，使用<non-jta-data-source>，默认就是使用RESOURCE_LOCAL事务。这两种事务的区别不在这里讨论。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

provider

　　EJB Persistence provider的一个实现类。如果不是使用多个厂商的 EJB Persistence实现，是不需要定义的。

　　mapping-file

　　指定映射文件的位置

jar-file

　　指定要解析的jar。jar中所有注解的类、包和所有的hbm.xml都会被添加到persistent-unit的配置中。主要用在JavaEE环境中。

exclude-unlisted-classes

　　不检查jar中加了@Entity注解的类。

class

　　明确指定要映射的类

shared-cache-mode

　　缓存模式。加了@Cacheable注解的默认为二级缓存。有四种模式：ALL-缓存所有实体；NONE-禁止缓存；ENABLE_SELECTIVE-如果加了缓存的标识，是默认的选选　　　　　　　　项；DISABLE_SELECTIVE- enable caching unless explicitly marked as @Cacheable(false) (not recommended)

validation-mode

　　实体的验证模式，默认是激活的。当一个实体在创建、更新，在实体发送到数据库前会被进行验证。CALLBACK: entities are validated on creation, update and deletion. If no Bean Validation provider is present, an exception is raised at initialization time.

properties

　　配置厂商的一些特定属性。