理解ThreadLocal

跟以前的文章一样，还是先来一个例子。

public class ThreadLocalDemo implements Runnable {

    //创建线程局部变量studentLocal，在后面你会发现用来保存Student对象
    private final static ThreadLocal<Student> studentLocal = new ThreadLocal<Student> ();
 
    public static void main(String[] agrs) {
        ThreadLocalDemo td = new ThreadLocalDemo();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(td, "a");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(td, "b");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
 
    public void run() {
        accessStudent();
    }
 
    /**
     * 示例业务方法，用来测试
     */
    public void accessStudent() {
        //获取当前线程的名字
        String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        System.out.println(currentThreadName + " is running!");
        //产生一个随机数并打印
        Random random = new Random();
        int age = random.nextInt(100);
        System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " set age to:" + age);
        //获取一个Student对象，并将随机数年龄插入到对象属性中
        Student student = getStudent();
        student.setAge(age);
        System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " first read age is:" + student.getAge());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
        }
        catch (InterruptedException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("thread " + currentThreadName + " second read age is:" + student.getAge());
    }
 
    protected Student getStudent() {
        //获取本地线程变量并强制转换为Student类型
        Student student = (Student) studentLocal.get();
        //线程首次执行此方法的时候，studentLocal.get()肯定为null
        if (student == null) {
            //创建一个Student对象，并保存到本地线程变量studentLocal中
            student = new Student();
            studentLocal.set(student);
        }
        return student;
    }
}

 

 

public class Student {
    private int age = 0;   //年龄
 
    public int getAge() {
        return this.age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

  结果：

 

 

 写道

a is running!
b is running!
thread b set age to:35
thread a set age to:69
thread b first read age is:35
thread a first read age is:69
thread a second read age is:69
thread b second read age is:35

 

   结论：ThreadLocal用于解决线程之间数据隔离问题。Synchronized使用同步的方式解决数据的共享。