Mongodb常用命令介绍

查看命令的方式：

1.在shell中运行db.listCommands()

2.在浏览器中访问管理员接口：http://ipaddress:28017/_commands

 

下面介绍在Mongodb中最经常使用的命令，具体如下：

命令：buildInfo

格式：{"buildInfo":1}

介绍：管理专用命令，返回Mongodb服务器的版本号和主机的操作系统。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"buildInfo":1})
{
	"version" : "2.0.6",
	"gitVersion" : "e1c0cbc25863f6356aa4e31375add7bb49fb05bc",
	"sysInfo" : "Linux domU-12-31-39-01-70-B4 2.6.21.7-2.fc8xen #1 SMP Fri Feb 15 12:39:36 EST 2008 i686 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_41",
	"versionArray" : [
		2,
		0,
		6,
		0
	],
	"bits" : 32,
	"debug" : false,
	"maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216,
	"ok" : 1
}

命令：collStats

格式：{"collStats":collection}

介绍：返回指定集合的统计信息，包括数据大小、已分配的存储空间和索引的大小。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"collStats":"users"})
{
	"ns" : "test.users",
	"count" : 3,
	"size" : 508,
	"avgObjSize" : 169.33333333333334,
	"storageSize" : 4096,
	"numExtents" : 1,
	"nindexes" : 2,
	"lastExtentSize" : 4096,
	"paddingFactor" : 1.51,
	"flags" : 0,
	"totalIndexSize" : 16352,
	"indexSizes" : {
		"_id_" : 8176,
		"name_1" : 8176
	},
	"ok" : 1
}

命令：distinct

格式：{"distinct":collection,"key":key,"query":query}

介绍：列出指定集合中满足查询条件的文档的指定键的所有不同值

示例： 

> db.runCommand({"distinct":"foo","key":"name","query":{"age":{"$gt":20}}})
{
	"values" : [
		"gongyong",
		"chenzhou",
		"yixin"
	],
	"stats" : {
		"n" : 4,
		"nscanned" : 6,
		"nscannedObjects" : 6,
		"timems" : 50,
		"cursor" : "BasicCursor"
	},
	"ok" : 1
}

命令：drop

格式：{"drop":collection}

介绍：删除集合的所有数据

示例： 

> db.bbb.save({"x":1,"y":2})
#先往bbb中存一条记录
> db.bbb.find() #查询bbb中的数据
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d919831a10b0f6e61385"), "x" : 1, "y" : 2 }
#使用drop命令删除bbb集合中的数据
> db.runCommand({"drop":"bbb"})
{
	"nIndexesWas" : 1,
	"msg" : "indexes dropped for collection",
	"ns" : "test.bbb",
	"ok" : 1
}
> db.bbb.find() #再次查询，结果为空

命令：dropDatabase

格式：{"dropDatabase":1}

介绍：删除当前数据库中的所有数据

示例：略

 

命令：dropIndexes

格式：{"dropIndexes":collection,"index":name}

介绍：删除集合里面名称为name的索引，如果名称为"*"，则删除全部索引。

示例：

> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.foo", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.games", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.blog.post", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.lists", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.math", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "name" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "name_1" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "gps" : "2d" }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "gps_", "min" : -180, "max" : 181 }
> db.runCommand({"dropIndexes":"users","index":"name_1"})
{ "nIndexesWas" : 2, "ok" : 1 }
> db.system.indexes.find()
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.foo", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.users", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.games", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.blog.post", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.lists", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.math", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "_id" : 1 }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "_id_" }
{ "v" : 1, "key" : { "gps" : "2d" }, "ns" : "test.map", "name" : "gps_", "min" : -180, "max" : 181 }

命令：findAndModify

格式：

介绍：查找并修改

示例： 

> db.foo.find({"name":"yixin"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 23 }
> db.runCommand({"findAndModify":"foo",
... "query":{"name":"yixin"},
... "update":{"$inc":{"age":1}}}) #把name为yixin的记录中age值加1
{
	"lastErrorObject" : {
		"updatedExisting" : true,
		"n" : 1,
		"connectionId" : 2,
		"err" : null,
		"ok" : 1
	},
	"value" : {
		"_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"),
		"name" : "yixin",
		"age" : 23
	},
	"ok" : 1
}
> db.foo.find({"name":"yixin"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 24 }

命令：getLastError

格式：{"getLastError":1[ , "w":w[ , "wtimeout":timeout}

介绍：查看对本集合执行的最后一次操作的错误信息或者其它状态信息。在w台服务器复制集合的最后操作之前，这个命令会阻塞。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"getLastError":1})
{ "n" : 0, "connectionId" : 2, "err" : null, "ok" : 1 }

命令：isMaster

格式：{"isMaster":1}

介绍：检查本服务器是主服务器还是从服务器

示例：

> db.runCommand({"isMaster":1})
{ "ismaster" : true, "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "ok" : 1 }

命令：listCommands

格式：{"listCommands":1}

介绍：返回所有可以在服务器上运行的命令及相关信息。

示例： 返回结果太多，示例就省略了

 

命令：listDatabases

格式：{"listDatabases":1}

介绍：管理专用命令，列出服务器上所有的数据库

示例：

> db.runCommand({"listDatabases":1})
{ "errmsg" : "access denied; use admin db", "ok" : 0 }
#报错，提示访问被拒绝，要求必须使用admin数据库
> use admin #切换到admin数据库
switched to db admin
> db.runCommand({"listDatabases":1})
{
	"databases" : [
		{
			"name" : "test",
			"sizeOnDisk" : 67108864,
			"empty" : false
		},
		{
			"name" : "results",
			"sizeOnDisk" : 67108864,
			"empty" : false
		},
		{
			"name" : "admin",
			"sizeOnDisk" : 1,
			"empty" : true
		},
		{
			"name" : "local",
			"sizeOnDisk" : 1,
			"empty" : true
		}
	],
	"totalSize" : 134217728,
	"ok" : 1
}

命令：ping

格式：{"ping":1}

介绍：检查服务器链接是否正常。即便服务器上锁了，这条命令也会立刻返回

示例：

> db.runCommand({"ping":1})
{ "ok" : 1 }

命令：renameCollection

格式：{"renameCollection":a,"to":b}

介绍：将集合a重命名为b，其中a和b都必须是完整的集合命名空间（例如"test.foo"代表test数据库中的foo集合）

示例：

> db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"foo","to":"foo_bak"})
{ "errmsg" : "access denied; use admin db", "ok" : 0 }
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"foo","to":"foo_bak"})
{
	"errmsg" : "exception: source namespace does not exist",
	"code" : 10026,
	"ok" : 0
}
> db.runCommand({"renameCollection":"test.foo","to":"test.foo_bak"})
{ "ok" : 1 }
> db.foo_bak.find()
> use test
switched to db test
> db.foo_bak.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("502149203e2ff9961cc7b555"), "name" : "chenzhou" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("502149353e2ff9961cc7b556"), "age" : 23 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5021495c3e2ff9961cc7b557"), "name" : "gongyong", "age" : 26 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("50214ad63e2ff9961cc7b558"), "name" : "chenzhou", "age" : 22, "friends" : 500, "enemies" : 2 }
{ "_id" : 123, "x" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5027d84b831a10b0f6e61384"), "name" : "yixin", "age" : 24 }

命令：repairDatabase

格式：{"repairDatabase":1}

介绍：修复并压缩当前数据库，这个操作可能非常耗时。

示例：略

 

命令：serverStatus

格式：{"serverStatus":1}

介绍：返回这台服务器的管理统计信息。

示例：

> db.runCommand({"serverStatus":1})
{
	"host" : "localhost.localdomain",
	"version" : "2.0.6",
	"process" : "mongod",
	"uptime" : 3661,
	"uptimeEstimate" : 2987,
	"localTime" : ISODate("2012-08-12T17:07:05.076Z"),
	"globalLock" : {
		"totalTime" : 3659420009,
		"lockTime" : 609397,
		"ratio" : 0.00016652830188971076,
		"currentQueue" : {
			"total" : 0,
			"readers" : 0,
			"writers" : 0
		},
		"activeClients" : {
			"total" : 0,
			"readers" : 0,
			"writers" : 0
		}
	},
	"mem" : {
		"bits" : 32,
		"resident" : 45,
		"virtual" : 158,
		"supported" : true,
		"mapped" : 64
	},
	"connections" : {
		"current" : 1,
		"available" : 818
	},
	"extra_info" : {
		"note" : "fields vary by platform",
		"heap_usage_bytes" : 491848,
		"page_faults" : 0
	},
	"indexCounters" : {
		"btree" : {
			"accesses" : 1,
			"hits" : 1,
			"misses" : 0,
			"resets" : 0,
			"missRatio" : 0
		}
	},
	"backgroundFlushing" : {
		"flushes" : 60,
		"total_ms" : 119,
		"average_ms" : 1.9833333333333334,
		"last_ms" : 0,
		"last_finished" : ISODate("2012-08-12T17:06:05.816Z")
	},
	"cursors" : {
		"totalOpen" : 0,
		"clientCursors_size" : 0,
		"timedOut" : 0
	},
	"network" : {
		"bytesIn" : 7312,
		"bytesOut" : 63515,
		"numRequests" : 102
	},
	"opcounters" : {
		"insert" : 2,
		"query" : 29,
		"update" : 1,
		"delete" : 0,
		"getmore" : 0,
		"command" : 75
	},
	"asserts" : {
		"regular" : 0,
		"warning" : 0,
		"msg" : 0,
		"user" : 1,
		"rollovers" : 0
	},
	"writeBacksQueued" : false,
	"ok" : 1
}

 

 

评论

1 楼 mangguo 2014-11-13  

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