startup 报ORA-01031 insufficient privileges错误解决

SQL> startup;
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount;           （启动实例，但不打开数据库）
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218968 bytes
Variable Size              88082024 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                7168000 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> alter database open;          （启动实例后，再改变数据库为打开）

Database altered.

SQL>shutdown immediate          关闭数据库；
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup                  启动正常了。
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  1218968 bytes
Variable Size              88082024 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>