Linux下一些操作

1.编写desktop entry文件
Linux KDE 和 Linux GNOME 桌面系统都使用 Desktop Entry 文件标准来描述程序启动配置信息，Desktop Entry 文件以".desktop"为后缀名，通常被存放在 /usr/share/applications和/opt/gnome/share/applications 等目录下，比如编辑/usr/share/applications/eclipse.cdt，内容如下

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Eclipse
Comment=Eclipse SDK
Icon=/home/pc01/eclipse/icon.xpm
Exec=/home/pc01/eclipse/eclipse
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development
Encoding=UTF-8

2.gcov用法

先在编译中带选项-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage，链接加选项-lgcov，然后运行执行程序，再运行gcov

gcov  -a -o ./build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/data ./data/*.cpp

3.chmod用法
chmod (u/g/o/a) (+/-/=) (权限) FileName/DirName

4.cppcheck用法

cppcheck -v --enable=all --xml -I<include directory> <sources> 2> cppcheckreport.xml

5.cppncss用法

cppncss -r -v -x -k -f=report.xml <sources>

6.编写sh文件，保存为genreport.sh，修改权限chmod u+x genreport.sh

#!/bin/sh
#gcov.sh
#run gcov report

echo "clean MASServer"
"/usr/bin/gmake" -f nbproject/Makefile-Debug.mk QMAKE= SUBPROJECTS= .clean-conf
rm *.gcov
echo "make MASServer"
"/usr/bin/gmake" -f nbproject/Makefile-Debug.mk QMAKE= SUBPROJECTS= .build-conf

BuildPath=./build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86
TinyXML=/home/pc01/Source/c++/tinyxml
CPPCheckReport=cppcheckreport.xml
CPPNCSSReport=cppncssreport.xml
GCOVReport=gcovreport.xml
GCOVRApp=/home/pc01/Source/gcovr
RunPath=./dist/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86

if [ -r "$BuildPath" ]; then
	echo "Make Success"
	rm $CPPCheckReport > /dev/null
	echo "Make CPPCheck Report $CPPCheckReport"	
	cppcheck -v --enable=all --xml -I $TinyXML ./  2> $CPPCheckReport
	rm $CPPNCSSReport > /dev/null
 	echo "Make CPPNCSS Report $CPPNCSSReport"
	cppncss -r -v -x -k -f=$CPPNCSSReport ./
	echo "Run Program"
	$RunPath/masserver > /dev/null
	rm $GCOVReport > /dev/null	
	echo "Make GCovr"
	$GCOVRApp -x -r . > $GCOVReport
else
	echo "Make Fail!"
fi

7.rpm安装

rpm -ivh xxx.rpm

8.sonar+mysql+maven+tomcat
下载maven，配置环境变量

M2_HOME=XXX
Path=%M2_HOME%/bin 
MAVEN_OPTS=-Xmx512m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m 

下载tomcat，安装后，配置环境变量

export CATALINA_HOME=/home/pc01/apache-tomcat-7.0.27
export CATALINA_OPTS=" -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Dorg.apache.jasper.runtime.BodyContentImpl.LIMIT_BUFFER=true -XX:MaxPermSize=256m"

修改mysql密码
mysqladmin -uroot -p password 111111

停止mysql

/etc/init.d/mysql stop

启动mysql

/etc/init.d/mysql start

拷贝mysql配置
cp /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-5.5.17/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf  
vi /etc/my.cnf  
在[client]下面加上 default-character-set = utf8  
在[mysqld]下面加上 character-set-server=utf8  init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8' 

mysql创建sonar数据库

CREATE DATABASE sonar CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

创建一个sonar用户：

grant all privileges on sonar.* to 'sonar'@'localhost' identified by 'sonar';
flush privileges; 

修改sonar配置conf/sonar.properties

sonar.jdbc.url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sonar?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
sonar.jdbc.driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
sonar.jdbc.validationQuery: select 1 

修改maven配置文件/conf/settings.xml

<span style="white-space: pre;">	</span><profile>
<span style="white-space: pre;">		</span><id>sonar</id>
<span style="white-space: pre;">		</span><activation>
<span style="white-space: pre;">			</span><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<span style="white-space: pre;">		</span></activation>
<span style="white-space: pre;">		</span><properties>
<span style="white-space: pre;">			</span><sonar.jdbc.url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sonar?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8</sonar.jdbc.url> 
<span style="white-space: pre;">			</span><sonar.jdbc.driverClassName>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</sonar.jdbc.driverClassName>
<span style="white-space: pre;">			</span><sonar.jdbc.username>sonar</sonar.jdbc.username>
<span style="white-space: pre;">			</span><sonar.jdbc.password>sonar</sonar.jdbc.password>
<span style="white-space: pre;">			</span><sonar.host.url>http://127.0.0.1:9000</sonar.host.url>
<span style="white-space: pre;">		</span></properties>
<span style="white-space: pre;">	</span></profile>

启动sonar，登录用admin/admin完成

9.看程序libc版本

ldd 程序名

10.看libc版本

 /lib/libc.so.6

11.解压bz2后缀文件

tar -jvxf ../glibc-linuxthreads-2.5.tar.bz2

12.centos增加更新站点并下载chrome

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOSBase.repo

增加节点

[google64]
name=Google - x86_64
baseurl=http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub

执行

sudo yum install google-chrome-beta

13.查看linux内核版本

cat /proc/version

14.查看linux具体为32还是64位

file /sbin/init

或者

getconf LONG_BIT

查看相关.so是什么版本也可以

file XXX.so

15.查看文件用了哪些库文件

ldd XXX

16.看系统信息

uname -a

17.安装deb文件

sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb

18.查看Linux程序的导入表函数

readelf -a XXX

19.查看通道信息可以翻页
readelf -a XXX | grep FUNC | less

20.快速找文件

locate XXX

21解决cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied问题

这是因为SELINUX的问题，需要关闭SELINX，执行：/usr/sbin/setenforce 0

或者修改/etc/selinux/config文件，将SELINUX=enforcing改为SELINUX=disabled

22查找文件内容

find . | xargs grep "test"

grep -c "test" *.h