CENTOS下安装LAMP总结

CENTOS下安装LAMP总结

（一，mysql）

最近新的子网站上线，需要搭建服务器。在部署时，开始想复制老服务器的模式，连包也用一样的，但杯具的是包不全，导致后来东拼西凑错误百出，不得已重装了系统再进行配置。

在源码安装的时候由于记录不详细，导致配置错误，最后的解决方式是yum安装，总结源码安装和yum安装，前者灵活性高，但需要在每一步都详细记录，配置好关联路径；后者则是固定的编译参数+固定位置，会省事不少。

1，安装操作系统centos5.6
比较简单，超详细的图文教程见http://hi.baidu.com/eao110/blog/item/6fb6fed31ffcc1d3a8ec9a28.html

建议使用文本模式，毕竟是做服务器应用的，图形界面对维护来说帮助不大（尤其是在ssh下）。
另外，分区需要注意自己的应用（数据库、WEB）分布在哪个目录，则相应的调整好大小，免得到时候磁盘空间不够


2，安装完毕，下载所需要的包，搜索tar包的资源，找到地址后使用wget直接下载到本地目录，建议单独新建一个目录用来保存安装文件
cd /home
mkdir source
cd source
进入该目录后，输入wget http://xxxxxxxx/xxxx.tar.gz 即可从该地址获取包


3，下载完所有包，开始解压，tar命令很简单，概括来讲：
.tar.gz 后缀的，用tar zxvf 文件名
.tar.bz2后缀的，用tar jcvf 文件名


4，MYSQL安装，以5.0.77为例


安装需要的库
yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel

#创建MySQL用户及用户组
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#解压源码包
cd /home/source
tar zxvf mysql-5.0.77.tar.gz

#赋予解压文件夹mysql用户的可读权限
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.0.77

#进入目录开始编译
cd mysql-5.0.77

#安装前检查是否有运行的mysql进程，杀之
ps -aef|grep mysql
kill -9 XXX


#开始安装，如果提示缺库则需先安装该库，一般会缺失多个
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-charset=utf8 --with-collation=utf8_general_ci --with-extra-charsets=all --without-debug --enable-assembler --with-innodb --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql

#make && make install
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' && make install




./configure中的编译参数说明如下，可根据情况自己定制：

Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]


By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.


For better control, use the options below.


Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]


Program names:
--program-prefix=PREFIX prepend PREFIX to installed program names
--program-suffix=SUFFIX append SUFFIX to installed program names
--program-transform-name=PROGRAM run sed PROGRAM on installed program names


System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]


Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--disable-dependency-tracking speeds up one-time build
--enable-dependency-tracking do not reject slow dependency extractors
--enable-shared[=PKGS] build shared libraries [default=yes]
--enable-static[=PKGS] build static libraries [default=yes]
--enable-fast-install[=PKGS]
optimize for fast installation [default=yes]
--disable-libtool-lock avoid locking (might break parallel builds)
--disable-community-features
Disable additional features provided by the user
community.
--disable-thread-safe-client
Compile the client without threads.
--enable-assembler Use assembler versions of some string
functions if available.
--enable-profiling Build a version with query profiling code (req.
community-features)
--enable-local-infile Enable LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE (default: disabled)
--disable-grant-options Disables the use of --init-file, --skip-grant-tables and --bootstrap options
--disable-largefile Omit support for large files


Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-charset=CHARSET
Default character set, use one of:
binary
armscii8 ascii big5 cp1250 cp1251 cp1256 cp1257
cp850 cp852 cp866 cp932 dec8 eucjpms euckr gb2312 gbk geostd8
greek hebrew hp8 keybcs2 koi8r koi8u
latin1 latin2 latin5 latin7 macce macroman
sjis swe7 tis620 ucs2 ujis utf8
--with-collation=COLLATION
Default collation
--with-extra-charsets=CHARSET,CHARSET,...
Use charsets in addition to default (none, complex,
all, or a list selected from the above sets)
--without-uca Skip building of the national Unicode collations.


--with-system-type Set the system type, like "sun-solaris10"
--with-machine-type Set the machine type, like "powerpc"
--with-darwin-mwcc Use Metrowerks CodeWarrior wrappers on OS X/Darwin
--with-gnu-ld assume the C compiler uses GNU ld [default=no]
--with-pic try to use only PIC/non-PIC objects [default=use
both]
--with-tags[=TAGS] include additional configurations [automatic]
--with-other-libc=DIR Link against libc and other standard libraries
installed in the specified non-standard location
overriding default. Originally added to be able to
link against glibc 2.2 without making the user
upgrade the standard libc installation.
--with-server-suffix Append value to the version string.
--with-pthread Force use of pthread library.
--with-named-thread-libs=ARG
Use specified thread libraries instead of
those automatically found by configure.
--with-named-curses-libs=ARG
Use specified curses libraries instead of
those automatically found by configure.
--with-unix-socket-path=SOCKET
Where to put the unix-domain socket. SOCKET must be
an absolute file name.
--with-tcp-port=port-number
Which port to use for MySQL services (default 3306)
--with-mysqld-user=username
What user the mysqld daemon shall be run as.
--with-zlib-dir=no|bundled|DIR
Provide MySQL with a custom location of compression
library. Given DIR, zlib binary is assumed to be in
$DIR/lib and header files in $DIR/include.
--with-libwrap=DIR Compile in libwrap (tcp_wrappers) support
--with-pstack Use the pstack backtrace library
--with-debug Add debug code
--with-debug=full Add debug code (adds memory checker, very slow)
--with-error-inject Enable error injection in MySQL Server
--with-fast-mutexes Compile with fast mutexes (default is disabled)
--with-atomic-ops=rwlocks|smp|up
Implement atomic operations using pthread rwlocks or
atomic CPU instructions for multi-processor
(default) or uniprocessor configuration
--with-mysqld-ldflags Extra linking arguments for mysqld
--with-client-ldflags Extra linking arguments for clients
--with-mysqld-libs Extra libraries to link with for mysqld
--with-lib-ccflags Extra CC options for libraries
--with-low-memory Try to use less memory to compile to avoid
memory limitations.
--with-comment Comment about compilation environment.
--with-big-tables Support tables with more than 4 G rows even on 32
bit platforms
--with-max-indexes=N Sets the maximum number of indexes per table,
default 64
--with-ssl=DIR Include SSL support
--with-plugins=PLUGIN[[[,PLUGIN..]]]
Plugins to include in mysqld. (default is: none)
Must be a configuration name or a comma separated
list of plugins.
Available configurations are: none max max-no-ndb
all.
Available plugins are: partition daemon_example
ftexample archive blackhole csv example federated
heap innobase myisam myisammrg ndbcluster.
--without-plugin-PLUGIN Disable the named plugin from being built.
Otherwise, for plugins which are not selected for
inclusion in mysqld will be built dynamically (if
supported)
--with-plugin-PLUGIN Forces the named plugin to be linked into mysqld
statically.
--with-ndb-sci=DIR Provide MySQL with a custom location of sci library.
Given DIR, sci library is assumed to be in $DIR/lib
and header files in $DIR/include.


--with-ndb-test Include the NDB Cluster ndbapi test programs


--with-ndb-docs Include the NDB Cluster ndbapi and mgmapi documentation


--with-ndb-port Port for NDB Cluster management server


--with-ndb-port-base Base port for NDB Cluster transporters


--without-ndb-debug Disable special ndb debug features
--with-ndb-ccflags=CFLAGS
Extra CFLAGS for ndb compile


--without-ndb-binlog Disable ndb binlog
--without-server Only build the client.
--with-embedded-server Build the embedded server (libmysqld).
--without-query-cache Do not build query cache.
--without-geometry Do not build geometry-related parts.
--with-embedded-privilege-control
Build parts to check user's privileges.
Only affects embedded library.
--with-mysqlmanager Build the mysqlmanager binary: yes/no (default:
build if server is built.)
--without-docs Skip building of the documentation.
--without-man Skip building of the man pages.
--without-readline Use system readline instead of bundled copy.
--without-libedit Use system libedit instead of bundled copy.




仔细核对上述命令及参数，一些输入的错误会被configure脚本忽略，一定要仔细检查。用 && 连接符可以将几个命令进行连接，保证上一个命令完成后才执行下一个命令。这是检验命令正确运行的一个好方法。

如果你看到安装成功的提示，则说明mysql已正确编译 并安装。

5，在mysql安装目录下，ls –l | grep my-

出来的都是mysql的配置文件，按照需要拷贝其中一个到/etc下，重命名为my.cnf，mysql默认的配置文件即是/etc/my/cnf

6，修改数据目录的可写权限。因为当前用户运行mysql的后台程序可能没有这个目录的可写权限。

chmod 777 ./var –r

7，配置系统环境变量，使得可以直接执行mysql的程序

(1) /etc/profile的配置：
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/libexec:$PATH
export PATH

其中,/usr/local/mydql/bin是mysql主要的可执行程序的目录，而libexec则用来存放mysql后台主程序mysqld

(2).bashrc的配置：
set PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
set PATH=/usr/local/mysql/libexec:$PATH
export PATH

注意.bashrc里面要加set。配置完成后，重新登录生效。

8，初始化数据库

mysql_install_db

9，启动mysqld

service mysqld start

10，进入mysql

# mysql -uroot -p

注意对mysql权限的操作，如操作mysql.user表，则需要执行以下语句来生效（或者重启）

mysql> flush privileges;