1.
“content type” or
“MIME
type” in response header is the only thing that determines
what a particular resource truly is, and therefore how it should be rendered.
Images, JavaScript files and CSS stylesheets all have their own MIME
types. Everything has its own MIME
type. The web runs on MIME
types.
2.
HTML has always
been a conversation between browser makers, authors, standards wonks, and other
people who just showed up and liked to talk about angle brackets. Most of the
successful versions of HTML have been “retro-specs,” catching up to the world
while simultaneously trying to nudge it in the right direction. Anyone who
tells you that HTML should be kept “pure” (presumably by ignoring browser
makers, or ignoring authors, or both) is simply misinformed. HTML has never been
pure, and all attempts to purify it have been spectacular failures, matched
only by the attempts to replace it.
3.
XHTML 1.0 defined
a new MIME
type for XHTML
documents,
application/xhtml+xml
. However, to ease the migration of existing HTML
4 pages, it also included Appendix C
,
that “summarizes design guidelines for authors who wish their XHTML documents
to render on existing HTML user agents.” Appendix C said you were allowed to
author so-called “XHTML
” pages but still serve them with the
text/html
MIME
type.
XHTML 1.1
added only a few
minor features
on top of XHTML
1.0, but also eliminated
the “Appendix C” loophole. With an estimated error rate of 99% on existing
pages, the ever-present possibility of displaying errors to the end user, and
the dearth of new features in XHTML
1.0 and 1.1 to justify the
cost, web authors basically ignored
application/xhtml+xml
. they “upgraded”
to XHTML
syntax but kept serving it with a
text/html
MIME
type.
4.
WHAT
Working Group(Web Hypertext Applications Technology Working Group) took a
different approach: documenting the “forgiving” error-handling algorithms that
browsers actually used. They spent five years successfully documenting how to parse HTML
in a way that
is compatible with existing web content.
WHAT
working group was on a specification, initially dubbed Web Forms 2.0
,
that added new types of controls to HTML
forms. Another was a
draft specification called “Web Applications 1.0,” that included major new
features like a direct-mode
drawing canvas
and native support for audio and video without plugins
.
5.
In October 2006, W3C chartered a completely new HTML group with WHAT
working group. One of the first things the newly re-chartered W3C HTML Working
Group decided was to rename “Web Applications 1.0” to “HTML5.”
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