linux下Oracle11g的安装

检查系统中是否存在如下包  如不存在要按顺序安装如下包：
rpm -qa|grep compat-db-4*
rpm -qa|grep libaio-0*
rpm -qa|grep compat-libstdc++-33-3*
rpm -qa|grep glibc-headers-2*
rpm -qa|grep glibc-devel-2*
rpm -qa|grep compat-gcc-34-3*
rpm -qa|grep compat-gcc-34-c++-3*
rpm -qa|grep libXp-1*
rpm -qa|grep openmotif-2*
rpm -qa|grep gcc-4*
rpm -qa|grep glibc-2*
rpm -qa|grep libgomp-4*
rpm -qa|grep gcc-4*

安装Oracle前提 检查安装包是否存在                版本要求
rpm -qa|grep binutils-*                          binutils-2.15.92.0.2-18
rpm -qa|grep compat-libstdc++-*        (缺失)    compat-libstdc++-33.2.3-47.3
rpm -qa|grep elfutils-libelf-*                   elfutils-libelf-0.97-5
rpm -qa|grep elfutils-libelf-devel-*   (缺失)    elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97-5
rpm -qa|grep glibc-*                             glibc-2.3.9.4-2.19
rpm -qa|grep glibc-common-*                      glibc-common-2.3.9.4-2.19
rpm -qa|grep glibc-devel-*                       glibc-devel-2.3.9.4-2.19
rpm -qa|grep gcc-*                               gcc-3.4.5-2
rpm -qa|grep gcc-c++-*                           gcc-c++-3.4.5-2
rpm -qa|grep libaio-devel-*            (缺失)    libaio-devel-0.3.105-2
rpm -qa|grep libaio-*                            libaio-0.3.105-2
rpm -qa|grep libgcc-*                            libgcc-3.4.5
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++-*                         libstdc++-3.4.5-2
rpm -qa|grep libstdc++-devel-*                   libstdc++-devel-3.4.5-2
rpm -qa|grep make-*                              make-3.80-5
rpm -qa|grep sysstat-*                 (缺失)    sysstat-5.0.5
rpm -qa|grep unixODBC-*                (缺失)    unixODBC-2.2.11
rpm -qa|grep unixODBC-devel-*          (缺失)    unixODBC-devel-2.2.11

如果缺失软件包 请手动安装软件包
rpm -ivh 缺失软件包

一.创建Oracle用户
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall                       //创建用户组oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba                            //创建用户组dba
# /usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle    //创建用户oracle
# id oracle                                         //查看用户oracle的属性

二.设置Oracle用户口令
# passwd oracle                                     //设置oracle用户的口令

三.创建Oracle的安装目录
# mkdir -p /home/u01/app/oracle                  //创建/u01/app/oracle目录
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/u01/app     //更改目录的所有者和属组
# chmod -R 775 /home/u01/app                     //更改目录的权限
                
四.更改系统的核心参数，以满足Oracle 11g的安装要求
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF //修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件中的核心参数
kernel.shmmni = 4096              //设置kernel.shmmni参数值为4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128    //设置kernel.sem参数值为250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536               //设置fs.file-max参数值为65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 //设置net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range参数值102465000
net.core.rmem_default=4194304   //设置net.core.rmem_default参数值为4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144  //设置net.core.wmem_default参数值为262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304     //设置net.core.rmem_max参数值为4194304
net.core.wmem_max=262144      //设置net.core.wmem_max参数值为262144
EOF
重启内核
/sbin/sysctl –p                 //使更改后的内核参数生效
该命令会打印如下参数：
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

五:为oracle用户设置可使用的文件和进程数限制
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
EOF
更改/etc/pam.d/login文件
cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF //更改/etc/pam.d/login文件
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
EOF

六：修改 bash 和 ksh 的默认配置文件以及 cshell 的默认登录脚本
cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF
if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];             //如果当前SHELL为ksh
then       
ulimit -p 16384                          //更改进程数限制为16384
ulimit -n 65536                          //更改文件数限制为65536
else                                     //否则执行以下代码
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022                             //设置umask的值
fi
EOF
修改cshell的配置
cat >> /etc/csh.login <<EOF               //cshell的配置
> if ( \$USER == "oracle" ) then
>  limit maxproc 16384                      //更改进程数限制为16384
>  limit descriptors 65536                  //更改文件数限制为65536
>  umask 022                             //设置umask的值
> endif
> EOF

七：配置oracle环境文件

su - oracle
vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_SID=orcl                                // Oracle是数据库名
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/u01/app/oracle                    // 上面创建的Oracle安装文件夹
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.1
export ORACLE_ADMIN=$ORACLE_BASE/admin
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export JAVA_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:

/usr/lib:$JAVA_HOME/bin

保存后使用如下命令，使设置生效：
$ source ~/.bash_profile

 

1. linux下启动oracle：
su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog
conn /as sysdba
startup
exit
lsnrctl start
exit

2. linux下关闭oracle
su - oracle
sqlplus /nolog
conn /as sysdba
shutdown immediate
exit
lsnrctl stop
exit  oracleoracle

3、启动监听器
oracle@suse92:~> lsnrctl start
4、停止监听器
oracle@suse92:~> lsnrctl stop
5、查看监听器状态
oracle@suse92:~> lsnrctl
LSNRCTL> status
LSNRCTL> exit

 

 

创建表空间和用户

create tablespace aam datafile   'aam.dbf'   size   128m   reuse
autoextend   on   next   1280k
minimum   extent   128k
default   storage   (   initial   128k   next   128k   minextents   1   maxextents   4096   pctincrease   0);
-- drop user aam cascade;
create user aam  identified by aam;
alter   user   aam   default   tablespace   aam;
grant unlimited tablespace to aam;
grant dba to aam;
grant connect to aam;
grant resource to aam;