利用Java编写简单的WebService实例

webservices例题：http://blog.csdn.net/xw13106209/article/details/7049614
    使用Axis编写WebService比较简单，就我的理解，WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别，主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService，以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。
      本例子的WebService提供了两个方法，分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串，没有参数，第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数，返回"Hello 参数值"，该例子比较简单，但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。
编写服务代码
      服务代码提供了两个函数，分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，源代码如下：
Java代码 
/*
* File name: HelloService.java
* 
* Version: v1.0
* 
* Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:40:20 AM
* 
* Designed by Stephen
* 
* (c)Copyright 2008
*/ 
package com.sinosoft.webservice; 
 
/** *//**
* @author Stephen
* 
* Test web service
*/ 
public class HelloService { 
    /** *//**
     * 不带参数的函数
     * 
     * @return 返回Hello字符串
     */ 
    public String sayHello() { 
        return "Hello"; 
    } 
 
    /** *//**
     * 带参数的函数
     * 
     * @param name
     *            名称
     * @return 返回加上名称的欢迎词
     */ 
    public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) { 
        if (name == null || name.equals("")) { 
            name = "nobody"; 
        } 
        return "Hello " + name; 
    } 
} 


发布WebService
      要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService，需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis（http://ws.apache.org/axis/）创建WebService服务的例子。
在Tomcat下创建Web应用
在该例子中，在Tomcat下创建了一个context path为ws的WEB应用。
     1. 在myeclipse中创建WebServiceTest的webproject
     2. 在WEB-INF文件夹下web.xml文件，该文件的内容如下：
Xml代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 
 
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web 
Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"> 
 
<web-app> 
  <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name> 
     
    <listener> 
        <listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class> 
    </listener> 
     
  <servlet> 
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> 
    <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name> 
    <servlet-class> 
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet 
    </servlet-class> 
  </servlet> 
 
  <servlet> 
    <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> 
    <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name> 
    <servlet-class> 
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet 
    </servlet-class> 
    <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> 
  </servlet> 
 
  <servlet> 
    <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> 
    <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name> 
    <servlet-class> 
        org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService 
    </servlet-class> 
    <init-param> 
      <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name> 
      <param-value>5001</param-value> 
    </init-param> 
    <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> 
  </servlet> 
 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
 
<!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet --> 
<!-- 
  <servlet-mapping> 
    <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> 
    <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern> 
  </servlet-mapping> 
--> 
 
    <session-config> 
        <!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts --> 
        <session-timeout>5</session-timeout> 
    </session-config> 
 
    <!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL; 
    http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft 
    for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response --> 
  <mime-mapping> 
    <extension>wsdl</extension> 
     <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> 
  </mime-mapping> 
   
 
  <mime-mapping> 
    <extension>xsd</extension> 
    <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> 
  </mime-mapping> 
 
  <welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList"> 
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> 
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> 
    <welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file> 
  </welcome-file-list> 
 
</web-app> 


在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。
axis的相关配置
在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置，但是还需要进行额外的配置。
     复制axis相关的jar文件
     将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF\lib文件夹下。这些文件包括：
activation.jar
axis.jar
axis-ant.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
jaxrpc.jar
log4j-1.2.8.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar
 
测试发布的Web应用
启动Tomcat服务，打开IE浏览器，访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services，如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。



发布WebService
     发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现，这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService，以后如果需要发布其他文件，只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。
创建deploy.wsdd文件
文件deploy.wsdd内容如下所示：
Xml代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java"> 
    <service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC"> 
        <parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/> 
        <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/> 
    </service> 
</deployment> 


创建发布WebService服务的批处理文件
批处理文件deploywebservice.bat内容如下：
Xml代码 
java -cp axis-ant.jar;axis-schema.jar;axis.jar;commons-discovery-0.2.jar;commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;jaxrpc.jar;log4j-1.2.8.jar;saaj.jar;wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar;xmlsec-1.3.0.jar org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient -lhttp://localhost:8080/WebServiceTest/services/AdminService deploy.wsdd 
 
pause 


  其中上面的jar包我都拷到和bat文件在同一个目录，现在将所有的jar文件都加入到classpath中进行执行。
     -l后的参数是本地要发布WebService的AdminService对应的访问地址。
     最后deploy.wsdd是对应的配置文件名称。
发布WebService服务
将deploy.wsdd文件和deploywebservice.bat文件复制到同一个文件夹下，执行deploywebservice.bat批处理文件，就可以将deploy.wsdd中描述的Java类发布为WebService。发布完成之后在访问http://host:port/ws/services如下图所示：



从上图可以看出，发布成功后，多了一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。
查看HelloServices的wsdl
     访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容：
Xml代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> 
<!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4 
Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)--> 
 
   <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"> 
 
      <wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/> 
 
   </wsdl:message> 
 
   <wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest"> 
 
   </wsdl:message> 
 
   <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"> 
 
      <wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/> 
 
   </wsdl:message> 
 
   <wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse"> 
 
      <wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/> 
 
   </wsdl:message> 
 
   <wsdl:portType name="HelloService"> 
 
      <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> 
 
         <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/> 
 
         <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/> 
 
      </wsdl:operation> 
 
      <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name"> 
 
         <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/> 
 
         <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/> 
 
      </wsdl:operation> 
 
   </wsdl:portType> 
 
   <wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService"> 
 
      <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> 
 
      <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> 
 
         <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> 
 
         <wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest"> 
 
            <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/> 
 
         </wsdl:input> 
 
         <wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse"> 
 
            <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/> 
 
         </wsdl:output> 
 
      </wsdl:operation> 
 
      <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson"> 
 
         <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> 
 
         <wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"> 
 
            <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/> 
 
         </wsdl:input> 
 
         <wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"> 
 
            <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/> 
 
         </wsdl:output> 
 
      </wsdl:operation> 
 
   </wsdl:binding> 
 
   <wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService"> 
 
      <wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices"> 
 
         <wsdlsoap:address location="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices"/> 
 
      </wsdl:port> 
 
   </wsdl:service> 
 
</wsdl:definitions> 

用Java调用WebService实例
     下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。

Java代码 
/*
* File name: TestHelloService.java
* 
* Version: v1.0
* 
* Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:54:10 AM
* 
* Designed by Stephen
* 
* (c)Copyright 2008
*/ 
package test.com.sinosoft.webservice; 
 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.net.MalformedURLException; 
 
import javax.xml.namespace.QName; 
import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException; 
 
import org.apache.axis.client.Call; 
import org.apache.axis.client.Service; 
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; 
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; 
 
/**
* @author Stephen
* 
* 测试调用WebService
*/ 
public class TestHelloService { 
    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class); 
    private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl"; 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
        TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService(); 
        // tester.callSayHello(); 
        tester.callSayHelloToPerson(); 
    } 
 
    public void callSayHello() { 
        try { 
            Service service = new Service(); 
            Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); 
            call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL( 
                    HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); 
            //下面名字查询的http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl文件里有 
            call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", 
                    "sayHello")); 
            call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); 
            try { 
                //远程调用发布的方法 
                String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {}); 
                System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); 
                return; 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (ServiceException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        log.error("call sayHello service error!"); 
    } 
 
    public void callSayHelloToPerson() { 
        try { 
            Service service = new Service(); 
            Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); 
            call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); 
            call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", 
                    "sayHelloToPerson")); 
            call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING, 
                    javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN); 
            call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); 
            try { 
                String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] { "Stephen" }); 
                System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); 
                return; 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (ServiceException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
        log.error("call sayHello service error!"); 
    } 
}