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juedui0769:
都是思维导图么?
JAVA IO 回顾 -
Damon_Zhang:
weir2009 写道SessionFactory是二级缓存, ...
hibernate缓存机制 -
weir2009:
SessionFactory是二级缓存,这样说对吗?
hibernate缓存机制 -
Damon_Zhang:
jjhpeopl 写道内容不错,就是spring中的bean, ...
java 单例模式及运用 -
jjhpeopl:
内容不错,就是spring中的bean,对于每个线程都是用的t ...
java 单例模式及运用
1. JMS基本概念
JMS(Java Message
Service) 即Java消息服务。它提供标准的产生、发送、接收消息的接口简化企业应用的开发。它支持两种消息通信模型:点到点(point-to-point)(P2P)模型和发布/订阅(Pub/Sub)模型。P2P模型规定了一个消息只能有一个接收者;Pub/Sub
模型允许一个消息可以有多个接收者。
对于点到点模型,消息生产者产生一个消息后,把这个消息发送到一个Queue(队列)中,然后消息接收者再从这个Queue中读取,一旦这个消息被一个接收者读取之后,它就在这个Queue中消失了,所以一个消息只能被一个接收者消费。与点到点模型不同,发布/订阅模型中,消息生产者产生一个消息后,把这个消息发送到一个Topic中,这个Topic可以同时有多个接收者在监听,当一个消息到达这个Topic之后,所有消息接收者都会收到这个消息。
几个重要概念
Destination:消息发送的目的地,也就是前面说的Queue和Topic。创建好一个消息之后,只需要把这个消息发送到目的地,消息的发送者就可以继续做自己的事情,而不用等待消息被处理完成。至于这个消息什么时候,会被哪个消费者消费,完全取决于消息的接受者。
Message:从字面上就可以看出是被发送的消息。它有下面几种类型:
StreamMessage:Java
数据流消息,用标准流操作来顺序的填充和读取。
MapMessage:一个Map类型的消息;名称为 string 类型,而值为 Java
的基本类型。
TextMessage:普通字符串消息,包含一个String。
ObjectMessage:对象消息,包含一个可序列化的Java
对象
BytesMessage:二进制数组消息,包含一个byte[]。
XMLMessage:
一个XML类型的消息。
最常用的是TextMessage和ObjectMessage。
Session:与JMS提供者所建立的会话,通过Session我们才可以创建一个Message。
Connection:与JMS提供者建立的一个连接。可以从这个连接创建一个会话,即Session。
ConnectionFactory:那如何创建一个Connection呢?这就需要下面讲到的ConnectionFactory了。通过这个工厂类就可以得到一个与JMS提供者的连接,即Conection。
Producer:消息的生产者,要发送一个消息,必须通过这个生产者来发送。
MessageConsumer:与生产者相对应,这是消息的消费者或接收者,通过它来接收一个消息。
前面多次提到JMS提供者,因为JMS给我们提供的只是一系列接口,当我们使用一个JMS的时候,还是需要一个第三方的提供者,它的作用就是真正管理这些Connection,Session,Topic和Queue等。
通过下面这个简图可以看出上面这些概念的关系。
ConnectionFactory---->Connection--->Session--->Message
Destination +
Session------------------------------------>Producer
Destination
+ Session------------------------------------>MessageConsumer
那么可能有人会问: ConnectionFactory和Destination 从哪儿得到? 这就和JMS提供者有关了. 如果在一个JavaEE环境中, 可以通过JNDI查找得到, 如果在一个非JavaEE环境中, 那只能通过JMS提供者提供给我们的接口得到了.
2. 一个JMS的例子
首先需要做的是选择一个JMS提供者, 如果在JavaEE环境中可以不用考虑这些.
我们选择ActiveMQ, 官方地址:
http://activemq.apache.org/
.
ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( user, password, url);
url: tcp://10.104.46.119:61616
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- public class MessageSendAndReceive {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue" );
- final Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- Message message = session.createTextMessage( "Hello JMS!" );
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.ConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class MessageSendAndReceive { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue"); final Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); Message message = session.createTextMessage("Hello JMS!"); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
- producer.send(message);
- System.out.println( "Send Message Completed!" );
- MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue);
- Message recvMessage = comsumer.receive();
- System.out.println(((TextMessage) recvMessage).getText());
- }
producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT); producer.send(message); System.out.println("Send Message Completed!"); MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue); Message recvMessage = comsumer.receive(); System.out.println(((TextMessage) recvMessage).getText()); } }
- // 关闭连接
- public void close() throws JMSException {
- System.out.println( "Producer:->Closing connection" );
- if (producer != null )
- producer.close();
- if (session != null )
- session.close();
- if (connection != null )
- connection.close();
- }
// 关闭连接 public void close() throws JMSException { System.out.println("Producer:->Closing connection"); if (producer != null) producer.close(); if (session != null) session.close(); if (connection != null) connection.close(); }
3. MessageListener
消息的消费者接收消息可以采用两种方式:
1、consumer.receive() 或 consumer.receive(int timeout);
- MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue);
- connection.start();
- for ( int i = 0 ; i < 1 ; i++) {
- Message recvMessage = comsumer.receive();
- System.out.println(((TextMessage) recvMessage).getText());
- }
MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue); connection.start(); for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) { Message recvMessage = comsumer.receive(); System.out.println(((TextMessage) recvMessage).getText()); }
2、注册一个MessageListener。
采用第一种方式,消息的接收者会一直等待下去,直到有消息到达,或者超时。后一种方式会注册一个监听器,当有消息到达的时候,会回调它的onMessage()方法。
- MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue);
- comsumer.setMessageListener( new MessageListener(){
- @Override
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- TextMessage textMsg = (TextMessage) m;
- try {
- System.out.println(textMsg.getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue); comsumer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener(){ @Override public void onMessage(Message m) { TextMessage textMsg = (TextMessage) m; try { System.out.println(textMsg.getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } });
4. 实战Queue
Queue实现的是点到点模型,在下面的例子中,启动2个消费者共同监听一个Queue,然后循环给这个Queue中发送多个消息,我们依然采用ActiveMQ。
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.JMSException;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageListener;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- public class QueueTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- //创建一个Queue
- Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue" );
- //创建一个Session
- Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- //注册消费者1
- MessageConsumer comsumer1 = session.createConsumer(queue);
- comsumer1.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Consumer1 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- //注册消费者2
- MessageConsumer comsumer2 = session.createConsumer(queue);
- comsumer2.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Consumer2 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- //创建一个生产者,然后发送多个消息。
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) {
- producer.send(session.createTextMessage( "Message:" + i));
- }
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class QueueTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); //创建一个Queue Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue"); //创建一个Session Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //注册消费者1 MessageConsumer comsumer1 = session.createConsumer(queue); comsumer1.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("Consumer1 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); //注册消费者2 MessageConsumer comsumer2 = session.createConsumer(queue); comsumer2.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("Consumer2 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); //创建一个生产者,然后发送多个消息。 MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { producer.send(session.createTextMessage("Message:" + i)); } } }
运行这个例子会得到下面的输出结果:
Consumer1 get Message:0
Consumer2 get Message:1
Consumer1 get Message:2
Consumer2 get Message:3
Consumer1 get Message:4
Consumer2 get Message:5
Consumer1 get Message:6
Consumer2 get Message:7
Consumer1 get Message:8
Consumer2 get Message:9
可以看出每个消息直被消费了一次,但是如果有多个消费者同时监听一个Queue的话,无法确定一个消息最终会被哪一个消费者消费。
5. 实战Topic
与Queue不同的是,Topic实现的是发布/订阅模型,在下面的例子中,启动2个消费者共同监听一个Topic,然后循环给这个Topic中发送多个消息。
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.JMSException;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageListener;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- import javax.jms.Topic;
- public class TopicTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- //创建一个Topic
- Topic topic = new ActiveMQTopic( "testTopic" );
- Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- //注册消费者1
- MessageConsumer comsumer1 = session.createConsumer(topic);
- comsumer1.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Consumer1 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- //注册消费者2
- MessageConsumer comsumer2 = session.createConsumer(topic);
- comsumer2.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Consumer2 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- //创建一个生产者,然后发送多个消息。
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(topic);
- for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) {
- producer.send(session.createTextMessage( "Message:" + i));
- }
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import javax.jms.Topic; public class TopicTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); //创建一个Topic Topic topic = new ActiveMQTopic("testTopic"); Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //注册消费者1 MessageConsumer comsumer1 = session.createConsumer(topic); comsumer1.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("Consumer1 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); //注册消费者2 MessageConsumer comsumer2 = session.createConsumer(topic); comsumer2.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("Consumer2 get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); //创建一个生产者,然后发送多个消息。 MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(topic); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { producer.send(session.createTextMessage("Message:" + i)); } } }
运行后得到下面的输出结果:
Consumer1 get Message:0
Consumer2 get
Message:0
Consumer1 get Message:1
Consumer2 get Message:1
Consumer1 get
Message:2
Consumer2 get Message:2
Consumer1 get Message:3
Consumer2 get
Message:3
Consumer1 get Message:4
Consumer2 get Message:4
Consumer1 get
Message:5
Consumer2 get Message:5
Consumer1 get Message:6
Consumer2 get
Message:6
Consumer1 get Message:7
Consumer2 get Message:7
Consumer1 get
Message:8
Consumer2 get Message:8
Consumer1 get Message:9
Consumer2
get Message:9
6. 消息头
一个消息对象分为三部分:消息头(Headers),属性(Properties)和消息体(Payload)。对于StreamMessage和MapMessage,消息本身就有特定的结构,而对于TextMessage,ObjectMessage和BytesMessage是无结构的。一个消息可以包含一些重要的数据或者仅仅是一个事件的通知。
消息的Headers部分通常包含一些消息的描述信息,它们都是标准的描述信息。包含下面一些值:
JMSDestination
消息的目的地,Topic或者是Queue。
JMSDeliveryMode
消息的发送模式:persistent或nonpersistent。前者表示消息在被消费之前,如果JMS提供者DOWN了,重新启动后消息仍然存在。后者在这种情况下表示消息会被丢失。可以通过下面的方式设置:
Producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
JMSTimestamp
当调用send()方法的时候,JMSTimestamp会被自动设置为当前事件。可以通过下面方式得到这个值:
long timestamp =
message.getJMSTimestamp();
JMSExpiration
表示一个消息的有效期。只有在这个有效期内,消息消费者才可以消费这个消息。默认值为0,表示消息永不过期。可以通过下面的方式设置:
producer.setTimeToLive(3600000); //有效期1小时 (1000毫秒 * 60秒 * 60分)
JMSPriority
消息的优先级。0-4为正常的优先级,5-9为高优先级。可以通过下面方式设置:
producer.setPriority(9);
JMSMessageID
一个字符串用来唯一标示一个消息。
JMSReplyTo
有时消息生产者希望消费者回复一个消息,JMSReplyTo为一个Destination,表示需要回复的目的地。当然消费者可以不理会它。
JMSCorrelationID
通常用来关联多个Message。例如需要回复一个消息,可以把JMSCorrelationID设置为所收到的消息的JMSMessageID。
JMSType
表示消息体的结构,和JMS提供者有关。
JMSRedelivered
如果这个值为true,表示消息是被重新发送了。因为有时消费者没有确认他已经收到消息或者JMS提供者不确定消费者是否已经收到。
除了Header,消息发送者可以添加一些属性(Properties)。这些属性可以是应用自定义的属性,JMS定义的属性和JMS提供者定义的属性。我们通常只适用自定义的属性。
后面会讲到这些Header和属性的用法。
7. DeliveryMode例子
在下面的例子中,分别发送一个Persistent和nonpersistent的消息,然后关闭退出JMS。
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.DeliveryMode;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- public class DeliveryModeSendTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue" );
- Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
- producer.send(session.createTextMessage( "A persistent Message" ));
- producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
- producer.send(session.createTextMessage( "A non persistent Message" ));
- System.out.println( "Send messages sucessfully!" );
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.DeliveryMode; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; public class DeliveryModeSendTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue"); Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT); producer.send(session.createTextMessage("A persistent Message")); producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT); producer.send(session.createTextMessage("A non persistent Message")); System.out.println("Send messages sucessfully!"); } }
运行上面的程序,当输出“Send messages sucessfully!”时,说明两个消息都已经发送成功,然后我们结束它,来停止JMS
Provider。
接下来我们重新启动JMS Provicer,然后添加一个消费者:
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.JMSException;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageListener;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- public class DeliveryModeReceiveTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue" );
- Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue);
- comsumer.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Consumer get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class DeliveryModeReceiveTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue"); Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue); comsumer.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("Consumer get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } }
运行上面的程序,可以得到下面的输出结果:
Consumer get A persistent Message
可以看出消息消费者只接收到一个消息,它是一个Persistent的消息。而刚才发送的non persistent消息已经丢失了。
另外,
如果发送一个non persistent消息, 而刚好这个时候没有消费者在监听, 这个消息也会丢失
8. JMSReplyTo
在下面的例子中,首先创建两个Queue,发送者给一个Queue发送,接收者接收到消息之后给另一个Queue回复一个Message,然后再创建一个消费者来接受所回复的消息。
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.JMSException;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageListener;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- public class MessageSendReceiveAndReply {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- //消息发送到这个Queue
- Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue" );
- //消息回复到这个Queue
- Queue replyQueue = new ActiveMQQueue( "replyQueue" );
- final Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- //创建一个消息,并设置它的JMSReplyTo为replyQueue。
- Message message = session.createTextMessage( "Andy" );
- message.setJMSReplyTo(replyQueue);
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- producer.send(message);
- //消息的接收者
- MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue);
- comsumer.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- //创建一个新的MessageProducer来发送一个回复消息。
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(m.getJMSReplyTo());
- producer.send(session.createTextMessage( "Hello " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()));
- } catch (JMSException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- //这个接收者用来接收回复的消息
- MessageConsumer comsumer2 = session.createConsumer(replyQueue);
- comsumer2.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println(((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class MessageSendReceiveAndReply { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); //消息发送到这个Queue Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue"); //消息回复到这个Queue Queue replyQueue = new ActiveMQQueue("replyQueue"); final Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //创建一个消息,并设置它的JMSReplyTo为replyQueue。 Message message = session.createTextMessage("Andy"); message.setJMSReplyTo(replyQueue); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); producer.send(message); //消息的接收者 MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue); comsumer.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { //创建一个新的MessageProducer来发送一个回复消息。 MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(m.getJMSReplyTo()); producer.send(session.createTextMessage("Hello " + ((TextMessage) m).getText())); } catch (JMSException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } }); //这个接收者用来接收回复的消息 MessageConsumer comsumer2 = session.createConsumer(replyQueue); comsumer2.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println(((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } }
首先消息生产者发送一个消息,内容为“Andy”, 然后消费者收到这个消息之后根据消息的JMSReplyTo,回复一个消息,内容为“Hello Andy‘。
最后在回复的Queue上创建一个接收回复消息的消费者,它输出所回复的内容。
运行上面的程序,可以得到下面的输出结果:
Hello Andy
9. Selector
前面的例子中创建一个消息消费者使用的是:
sesssion.createConsumer(destination)
另外,还提供了另一种方式:
sesssion.createConsumer(destination, selector)
这里selector是一个字符串,用来过滤消息。也就是说,这种方式可以创建一个可以只接收特定消息的一个消费者。Selector的格式是类似于SQL-92的一种语法。可以用来比较消息头信息和属性。
下面的例子中,创建两个消费者,共同监听同一个Queue,但是它们的Selector不同,然后创建一个消息生产者,来发送多个消息。
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.JMSException;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageListener;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- public class JMSSelectorTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue" );
- Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- MessageConsumer comsumerA = session.createConsumer(queue, "receiver = 'A'" );
- comsumerA.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "ConsumerA get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e1) {
- }
- }
- });
- MessageConsumer comsumerB = session.createConsumer(queue, "receiver = 'B'" );
- comsumerB.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "ConsumerB get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- }
- }
- });
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++) {
- String receiver = (i % 3 == 0 ? "A" : "B" );
- TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage( "Message" + i + ", receiver:" + receiver);
- message.setStringProperty( "receiver" , receiver);
- producer.send(message);
- }
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class JMSSelectorTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue"); Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); MessageConsumer comsumerA = session.createConsumer(queue, "receiver = 'A'"); comsumerA.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("ConsumerA get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e1) { } } }); MessageConsumer comsumerB = session.createConsumer(queue, "receiver = 'B'"); comsumerB.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("ConsumerB get " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { } } }); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { String receiver = (i % 3 == 0 ? "A" : "B"); TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage("Message" + i + ", receiver:" + receiver); message.setStringProperty("receiver", receiver); producer.send(message); } } }
10. JMSCorrelationID与Selector
前面讲过JMSCorrelationID主要是用来关联多个Message,例如需要回复一个消息的时候,通常把回复的消息的JMSCorrelationID设置为原来消息的ID。在下面这个例子中,创建了三个消息生产者A,B,C和三个消息消费者A,B,C。生产者A给消费者A发送一个消息,同时需要消费者A给它回复一个消息。B、C与A类似。
简图如下:
生产者A
-----发送
----〉消费者A
-----回复
------〉生产者A
生产者B
-----发送
----〉消费者B
-----回复
------〉生产者B
生产者C
-----发送
----〉消费者C
-----回复
------〉生产者C
需要注意的是,所有的发送和回复都使用同一个Queue,通过Selector区分。
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.DeliveryMode;
- import javax.jms.JMSException;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageListener;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- public class JMSCorrelationIDTest {
- private Queue queue;
- private Session session;
- public JMSCorrelationIDTest() throws JMSException {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue" );
- session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- setupConsumer( "ConsumerA" );
- setupConsumer( "ConsumerB" );
- setupConsumer( "ConsumerC" );
- setupProducer( "ProducerA" , "ConsumerA" );
- setupProducer( "ProducerB" , "ConsumerB" );
- setupProducer( "ProducerC" , "ConsumerC" );
- }
- private void setupConsumer( final String name) throws JMSException {
- //创建一个消费者,它只接受属于它自己的消息
- MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(queue, "receiver='" + name + "'" );
- consumer.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- System.out.println(name + " get:" + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- //回复一个消息
- Message replyMessage = session.createTextMessage( "Reply from " + name);
- //设置JMSCorrelationID为刚才收到的消息的ID
- replyMessage.setJMSCorrelationID(m.getJMSMessageID());
- producer.send(replyMessage);
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- }
- }
- });
- }
- private void setupProducer( final String name, String consumerName) throws JMSException {
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);
- //创建一个消息,并设置一个属性receiver,为消费者的名字。
- Message message = session.createTextMessage( "Message from " + name);
- message.setStringProperty( "receiver" , consumerName);
- producer.send(message);
- //等待回复的消息
- MessageConsumer replyConsumer =
- session.createConsumer(queue, "JMSCorrelationID='" + message.getJMSMessageID() + "'" );
- replyConsumer.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println(name + " get reply:" + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- }
- }
- });
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- new JMSCorrelationIDTest();
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.DeliveryMode; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class JMSCorrelationIDTest { private Queue queue; private Session session; public JMSCorrelationIDTest() throws JMSException { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue"); session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); setupConsumer("ConsumerA"); setupConsumer("ConsumerB"); setupConsumer("ConsumerC"); setupProducer("ProducerA", "ConsumerA"); setupProducer("ProducerB", "ConsumerB"); setupProducer("ProducerC", "ConsumerC"); } private void setupConsumer(final String name) throws JMSException { //创建一个消费者,它只接受属于它自己的消息 MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(queue, "receiver='" + name + "'"); consumer.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); System.out.println(name + " get:" + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); //回复一个消息 Message replyMessage = session.createTextMessage("Reply from " + name); //设置JMSCorrelationID为刚才收到的消息的ID replyMessage.setJMSCorrelationID(m.getJMSMessageID()); producer.send(replyMessage); } catch (JMSException e) { } } }); } private void setupProducer(final String name, String consumerName) throws JMSException { MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); producer.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT); //创建一个消息,并设置一个属性receiver,为消费者的名字。 Message message = session.createTextMessage("Message from " + name); message.setStringProperty("receiver", consumerName); producer.send(message); //等待回复的消息 MessageConsumer replyConsumer = session.createConsumer(queue, "JMSCorrelationID='" + message.getJMSMessageID() + "'"); replyConsumer.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println(name + " get reply:" + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { } } }); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new JMSCorrelationIDTest(); } }
运行结果为:
ConsumerA get:Message from ProducerA
ProducerA get reply:Reply
from ConsumerA
ConsumerB get:Message from ProducerB
ProducerB get
reply:Reply from ConsumerB
ConsumerC get:Message from ProducerC
ProducerC
get reply:Reply from ConsumerC
11. TemporaryQueue和TemporaryTopic
TemporaryQueue和TemporaryTopic,从字面上就可以看出它们是“临时”的目的地。可以通过Session来创建,例如:
TemporaryQueue replyQueue = session.createTemporaryQueue();
虽然它们是由Session来创建的,但是它们的生命周期确实整个Connection。如果在一个Connection上创建了两个Session,则一个Session创建的TemporaryQueue或TemporaryTopic也可以被另一个Session访问。那如果这两个Session是由不同的Connection创建,则一个Session创建的TemporaryQueue不可以被另一个Session访问。
另外,它们的主要作用就是用来指定回复目的地, 即作为JMSReplyTo。
在下面的例子中,先创建一个Connection,然后创建两个Session,其中一个Session创建了一个TemporaryQueue,另一个Session在这个TemporaryQueue上读取消息。
- import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory;
- import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue;
- import javax.jms.Connection;
- import javax.jms.JMSException;
- import javax.jms.Message;
- import javax.jms.MessageConsumer;
- import javax.jms.MessageListener;
- import javax.jms.MessageProducer;
- import javax.jms.Queue;
- import javax.jms.Session;
- import javax.jms.TemporaryQueue;
- import javax.jms.TextMessage;
- public class TemporaryQueueTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory( "vm://localhost" );
- Connection connection = factory.createConnection();
- connection.start();
- Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue( "testQueue2" );
- final Session session = connection.createSession( false , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- //使用session创建一个TemporaryQueue。
- TemporaryQueue replyQueue = session.createTemporaryQueue();
- //接收消息,并回复到指定的Queue中(即replyQueue)
- MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue);
- comsumer.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Get Message: " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(m.getJMSReplyTo());
- producer.send(session.createTextMessage( "ReplyMessage" ));
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- }
- }
- });
- //使用同一个Connection创建另一个Session,来读取replyQueue上的消息。
- Session session2 = connection.createSession( true , Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- MessageConsumer replyComsumer = session2.createConsumer(replyQueue);
- replyComsumer.setMessageListener(
- new MessageListener() {
- public void onMessage(Message m) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Get reply: " + ((TextMessage) m).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- }
- }
- });
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage( "SimpleMessage" );
- message.setJMSReplyTo(replyQueue);
- producer.send(message);
- }
- }
import org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory; import org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue; import javax.jms.Connection; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Message; import javax.jms.MessageConsumer; import javax.jms.MessageListener; import javax.jms.MessageProducer; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TemporaryQueue; import javax.jms.TextMessage; public class TemporaryQueueTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("vm://localhost"); Connection connection = factory.createConnection(); connection.start(); Queue queue = new ActiveMQQueue("testQueue2"); final Session session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); //使用session创建一个TemporaryQueue。 TemporaryQueue replyQueue = session.createTemporaryQueue(); //接收消息,并回复到指定的Queue中(即replyQueue) MessageConsumer comsumer = session.createConsumer(queue); comsumer.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("Get Message: " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(m.getJMSReplyTo()); producer.send(session.createTextMessage("ReplyMessage")); } catch (JMSException e) { } } }); //使用同一个Connection创建另一个Session,来读取replyQueue上的消息。 Session session2 = connection.createSession(true, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); MessageConsumer replyComsumer = session2.createConsumer(replyQueue); replyComsumer.setMessageListener( new MessageListener() { public void onMessage(Message m) { try { System.out.println("Get reply: " + ((TextMessage) m).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { } } }); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage("SimpleMessage"); message.setJMSReplyTo(replyQueue); producer.send(message); } }
运行结果为:
Get Message: SimpleMessage
Get reply: ReplyMessage
如果将:
Session session2 = connection.createSession(true, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
更改为:
Connection connection2 = factory.createConnection();
Session
session2 = connection2.createSession(true, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
就会得到类似于下面的异常:
Exception in thread "main"
javax.jms.InvalidDestinationException: Cannot use a Temporary destination from
another Connection。
12. MDB
在EJB3中,一个MDB(消息驱动Bean)就是一个实现了MessageListener接口的POJO。下面就是一个简单的MDB。
- @MessageDriven (activationConfig={
- @ActivationConfigProperty (propertyName= "destinationType" ,
- propertyValue= "javax.jms.Queue" ),
- @ActivationConfigProperty (propertyName= "destination" ,
- propertyValue= "queue/testQueue" )})
- public class SimpleMDB implements MessageListener {
- public void onMessage(Message message) {
- try {
- System.out.println( "Receive Message : " +
- ((TextMessage)message).getText());
- } catch (JMSException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
@MessageDriven(activationConfig={ @ActivationConfigProperty(propertyName="destinationType", propertyValue="javax.jms.Queue"), @ActivationConfigProperty(propertyName="destination", propertyValue="queue/testQueue")}) public class SimpleMDB implements MessageListener { public void onMessage(Message message) { try { System.out.println("Receive Message : " + ((TextMessage)message).getText()); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
- @MessageDriven (mappedName = "Test-Topic" ,
- activationConfig = {
- // @ActivationConfigProperty(propertyName = "MessageType",
- // propertyValue = "INTF"),
- @ActivationConfigProperty (propertyName = "acknowledgeMode" ,
- propertyValue = "Auto-acknowledge" ),
- @ActivationConfigProperty (propertyName = "destinationType" ,
- propertyValue = "javax.jms.Queue" )
- })
- @TransactionManagement (TransactionManagementType.BEAN)
@MessageDriven(mappedName = "Test-Topic", activationConfig = { // @ActivationConfigProperty(propertyName = "MessageType", // propertyValue = "INTF"), @ActivationConfigProperty(propertyName = "acknowledgeMode", propertyValue = "Auto-acknowledge"), @ActivationConfigProperty(propertyName = "destinationType", propertyValue = "javax.jms.Queue") }) @TransactionManagement(TransactionManagementType.BEAN)
它要求必须标注为@MessageDriven。它所监听Destination通过标注属性来注入。
下面是一个发送消息的StatelessBean:
- @Remote
- public interface IMessageSender {
- public void sendMessage(String content) throws Exception;
- }
- @Stateless
- @Remote
- public class MessageSender implements IMessageSender {
- @Resource (mappedName= "ConnectionFactory" )
- private ConnectionFactory factory;
- @Resource (mappedName= "queue/testQueue" )
- private Queue queue;
- public void sendMessage(String content) throws Exception {
- Connection cn = factory.createConnection();
- Session session = cn.createSession( false ,
- Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
- MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue);
- producer.send(session.createTextMessage(content));
- }
- }
@Remote public interface IMessageSender { public void sendMessage(String content) throws Exception; } @Stateless @Remote public class MessageSender implements IMessageSender { @Resource(mappedName="ConnectionFactory") private ConnectionFactory factory; @Resource(mappedName="queue/testQueue") private Queue queue; public void sendMessage(String content) throws Exception { Connection cn = factory.createConnection(); Session session = cn.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(queue); producer.send(session.createTextMessage(content)); } }
这个EJB只有一个方法SendMessage。ConnectionFactory和Queue通过标注注入。
接下来是客户端:
- public class MessageSenderClient {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- Properties props = new Properties();
- props.setProperty(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
- "org.jnp.interfaces.NamingContextFactory" );
- props.setProperty(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "localhost:2099" );
- Context context = new InitialContext(props);
- IMessageSender messageSender = (IMessageSender)
- context.lookup( "MessageSender/remote" );
- messageSender.sendMessage( "Hello" );
- }
-
}
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JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS(JMS
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学习JMS有助于开发人员理解和实现企业级的异步通信解决方案,它在大型分布式系统、微服务架构以及事件驱动的设计模式中扮演着重要角色。通过深入学习和实践JMS,你可以提升你的技能,更好地适应复杂的企业级开发需求...
有几个固件版本为全网首发,别人没有的资源 固件列表: JMS578_00.01.00.05 JMS578_00.02.00.03 JMS578_00.02.00.09 JMS578_00.02.01.04 JMS578_00.04.01.04 JMS578_00.05.00.08 JMS578_46.01.00.01 JMS578_133.02....
通过学习以上资料,读者可以全面理解JMS的工作原理,熟悉如何在Java应用中实现异步通信,从而提升系统的可扩展性和可靠性。同时,对于那些需要处理大量并发请求或需要解耦组件的大型分布式系统来说,JMS的知识将成为...
`javax.jms.jar` 文件中包含了如`javax.jms.Queue`, `javax.jms.Topic`, `javax.jms.MessageProducer`, `javax.jms.MessageConsumer`, `javax.jms.ConnectionFactory`等关键接口,以及其他辅助类和异常类,开发者...
**JMS学习教程概述** Java消息服务(Java Message Service,简称JMS)是Java平台中用于企业级应用间异步通信的一种标准API。它允许应用程序创建、发送、接收和读取消息,为分布式系统提供了可靠的、跨平台的通信...
**JMS学习笔记** Java消息服务(Java Message Service,简称JMS)是Java平台中用于在分布式环境中交换异步消息的标准API。它提供了一种可靠的消息传递机制,使得应用程序可以在不互相依赖的情况下进行通信,从而...
java消息服务学习必备,JMS基础知识了解
Java消息服务(Java Message Service,简称JMS)是Java平台中用于企业级应用间异步通信的标准接口。它提供了一种可靠的消息传递机制,允许应用程序创建、发送、接收和读取消息。`jms-1.1.jar` 是一个包含了JMS 1.1...