top命令详解

 

 

前几天跟一人交流的时候，讨论到系统监控命令，对于其中的TOP命令，交流下来发现自己并不是很了解这个命令详细的用法，以前都只贪图多(vmstat,iostat)，而没有仔细了解具体详细的用法，回来后深感惭愧。今天就在这仔细整理下top命令的几个常见option。

1.帮助：h 这个是你在忘记命令下最好的帮手，学什么命令第一个要学习就是help 。具体的界面如下所示

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Help for Interactive Commands - procps version 3.2.8
Window 1:Def: Cumulative mode On.  System: Delay 1.0 secs; Secure mode Off.

  Z,B       Global: 'Z' change color mappings; 'B' disable/enable bold
  l,t,m     Toggle Summaries: 'l' load avg; 't' task/cpu stats; 'm' mem info
  1,I       Toggle SMP view: '1' single/separate states; 'I' Irix/Solaris mode

  f,o     . Fields/Columns: 'f' add or remove; 'o' change display order
  F or O  . Select sort field
  <,>     . Move sort field: '<' next col left; '>' next col right
  R,H     . Toggle: 'R' normal/reverse sort; 'H' show threads
  c,i,S   . Toggle: 'c' cmd name/line; 'i' idle tasks; 'S' cumulative time
  x,y     . Toggle highlights: 'x' sort field; 'y' running tasks
  z,b     . Toggle: 'z' color/mono; 'b' bold/reverse (only if 'x' or 'y')
  u       . Show specific user only
  n or #  . Set maximum tasks displayed

  k,r       Manipulate tasks: 'k' kill; 'r' renice
  d or s    Set update interval
  W         Write configuration file
  q         Quit
          ( commands shown with '.' require a visible task display window ) 
Press 'h' or '?' for help with Windows,
any other key to continue 

 

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我们看上面有很多，只挑有用的讲解下，类如Z,B这种设置颜色个格式的就不提了。进入正题。

 

top - 11:21:59 up 24 min,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.06
Tasks: 130 total,   1 running, 128 sleeping,   0 stopped,   1 zombie
Cpu(s):  0.7%us,  2.2%sy,  0.0%ni, 97.2%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st
Mem:   3606920k total,  1255552k used,  2351368k free,   174180k buffers
Swap:  1046524k total,        0k used,  1046524k free,   582400k cached

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                                                                                                           
    1 root      20   0 24156 2196 1324 S    0  0.1   0:00.57 init                                                                                                              
    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd                                                                                                          
    3 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.45 ksoftirqd/0                                                                                                       
    4 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.31 kworker/0:0  

 

 

1)l,t,m 

 l:隐藏 top行信息

 t:隐藏 Tasks Cpus 两行的信息

 m:隐藏 Mem Swap 两行的信息

 

2)1,I

 1:若是有多个CPU，显示多个cpu的具体信息 (数字1)

 I:开启Solaris模式

 

3) F,O 这两个完成相同功能，比较重要，若是你希望查找一些mem比较好的进程，就需要使用到这个了。看下面具体信息

 

 Current Sort Field:  K  for window 1:Def
Select sort field via field letter, type any other key to return 

  a: PID        = Process Id                                                             not those in column display.  Thus,
  b: PPID       = Parent Process Pid                                                     the TTY & WCHAN fields will violate
  c: RUSER      = Real user name                                                         strict ASCII collating sequence.
  d: UID        = User Id                                                                (shame on you if WCHAN is chosen)
  e: USER       = User Name
  f: GROUP      = Group Name
  g: TTY        = Controlling Tty
  h: PR         = Priority
  i: NI         = Nice value
  j: P          = Last used cpu (SMP)
* K: %CPU       = CPU usage
  l: TIME       = CPU Time
  m: TIME+      = CPU Time, hundredths
  n: %MEM       = Memory usage (RES)
  o: VIRT       = Virtual Image (kb)
  p: SWAP       = Swapped size (kb)
  q: RES        = Resident size (kb)
  r: CODE       = Code size (kb)
  s: DATA       = Data+Stack size (kb)
  t: SHR        = Shared Mem size (kb)
  u: nFLT       = Page Fault count
  v: nDRT       = Dirty Pages count
  w: S          = Process Status
  x: COMMAND    = Command name/line
  y: WCHAN      = Sleeping in Function
  z: Flags      = Task Flags <sched.h>

 

 

不同的选择会按照不同的参数进行排序。比较多的就是 K 和 n 按照cpu占用率或是内存进行排序

 

4)R,H

  R：正序或是逆序排列,这个配合F,O使用，选定按照何种方式排序后，R来进行正序或是逆序查看。

  H: 显示线程信息

 

5)u

  按照某个用户进行具体的查看

 

6)k,r

 k:杀死某个进行 效果同 kill ，需要输入pid

 r:重新设定优先进程占用时间

 

7) d or s 

  设置取数据的间隔时间

 

8） o （小写的） 改变展示的列及列的顺序