Android之 BatteryService

电池的信息，电压，温度，充电状态等等，都是由BatteryService来提供的。BatteryService是跑在system_process当中，在系统初始化的时候启动，如下

在BatteryService.java中：
Log.i(TAG, "Starting Battery Service.");
BatteryService battery = new BatteryService(context);
ServiceManager.addService("battery", battery);
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1. 数据来源
BatteryService通过JNI（com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp）读取数据。BatteryService通过JNI注册的不仅有函数，还有变量。 如下：

//##############在BatteryService.java中声明的变量################
private boolean mAcOnline;
private boolean mUsbOnline;
private int mBatteryStatus;
private int mBatteryHealth;
private boolean mBatteryPresent;
private int mBatteryLevel;
private int mBatteryVoltage;
private int mBatteryTemperature;
private String mBatteryTechnology;

//在BatteryService.java中声明的变量，在com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp中共用，即 在com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp中其实操作的也是BatteryService.java中声明的变量

gFieldIds.mAcOnline = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mAcOnline", "Z");
gFieldIds.mUsbOnline = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mUsbOnline", "Z");
gFieldIds.mBatteryStatus = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mBatteryStatus", "I");
gFieldIds.mBatteryHealth = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mBatteryHealth", "I");
gFieldIds.mBatteryPresent = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mBatteryPresent", "Z");
gFieldIds.mBatteryLevel = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mBatteryLevel", "I");
gFieldIds.mBatteryTechnology = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mBatteryTechnology", "Ljava/lang/String;");
gFieldIds.mBatteryVoltage = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mBatteryVoltage", "I");
gFieldIds.mBatteryTemperature = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "mBatteryTemperature", "I");

//上面这些变量的值，对应是从下面的文件中读取的，一只文件存储一个数值。

#define AC_ONLINE_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/ac/online"
#define USB_ONLINE_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/usb/online"
#define BATTERY_STATUS_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/battery/status"
#define BATTERY_HEALTH_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/battery/health"
#define BATTERY_PRESENT_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/battery/present"
#define BATTERY_CAPACITY_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/battery/capacity"
#define BATTERY_VOLTAGE_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/battery/batt_vol"
#define BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/battery/batt_temp"
#define BATTERY_TECHNOLOGY_PATH "/sys/class/power_supply/battery/technology"

Android是运行在Linux内核上面的，/sys/class/power_supply亦是Linux内核下面的目录。至于这些文件时怎么生成的，则是由Platform来控制的。

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2. 数据传送
电池的这些信息是通过何种方式，被其他应用所获得的。可以想到的有两种方式，第一种，应用主动从BatteryService获得数据；第二种，BatteryService主动把数据传送给所关心的应用程序。

BatteryService采用的是第二种方式，所有的电池的信息数据是通过Intent传送出去的。在BatteryService.java中，Code如下：

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY);

intent.putExtra("status", mBatteryStatus);
intent.putExtra("health", mBatteryHealth);
intent.putExtra("present", mBatteryPresent);
intent.putExtra("level", mBatteryLevel);
intent.putExtra("scale", BATTERY_SCALE);
intent.putExtra("icon-small", icon);
intent.putExtra("plugged", mPlugType);
intent.putExtra("voltage", mBatteryVoltage);
intent.putExtra("temperature", mBatteryTemperature);
intent.putExtra("technology", mBatteryTechnology);

ActivityManagerNative.broadcastStickyIntent(intent, null);

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3. 数据接收
应用如果想要接收到BatteryService发送出来的电池信息，则需要注册一个Intent为Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED的BroadcastReceiver。

注册方法如下：
IntentFilter mIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
mIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(mIntentReceiver, mIntentFilter);

private BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String action = intent.getAction();
if (action.equals(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED)) {

int nVoltage = intent.getIntExtra("voltage", 0);
if(nVoltage!=0){
mVoltage.setText("V: " + nVoltage + "mV - Success...");
}
else{
mVoltage.setText("V: " + nVoltage + "mV - fail...");
}
}
}
};

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4. 数据更新
电池的信息会随着时间不停变化，自然地，就需要考虑如何实时的更新电池的数据信息。在BatteryService启动的时候，会同时通过UEventObserver启动一个onUEvent Thread。

每一个Process最多只能有一个onUEvent Thread，即使这个Process中有多个UEventObserver的实例。当在一个Process中，第一次Call startObserving()方法后，这个UEvent thread就启动了。
而一旦这个UEvent thread启动之后，就不会停止。

//在BatteryService.java中
mUEventObserver.startObserving("SUBSYSTEM=power_supply");

private UEventObserver mUEventObserver = new UEventObserver() {
@Override
public void onUEvent(UEventObserver.UEvent event) {
update();
}
};

在UEvent thread中会不停调用 update()方法，来更新电池的信息数据。

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5. 附录相关文件：
（1）. SystemServer.java (frameworks/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server)
（2）. BatteryService.java (frameworks/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server)
（3）. UEventObserver.java (frameworks/frameworks/base/core/java/android/os)
（4）. com_android_server_BatteryService.cpp (frameworks/frameworks/base/services/jni)