RHEL使用Centos的YUM源

RHEL使用Centos的YUM源
2011年11月04日
　　因为 CentOS 是 RHEL 的完整重新编译版本（当然要相互对应一样的版本号），所以 RHEL 是一定可以用 CentOS 的 yum 源的。------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------一／【删除 RHEL 自带的 yum】# rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------二／【下载】以下四个文件：# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-3.2.19-18.el5.centos.noarch.rpm# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-2.el5.i386.rpm# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/python-iniparse-0.2.3-4.el5.noarch.rpm# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-13.el5.centos.noarch.rpm------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------三／【安装】# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.2.3-4.el5.noarch.rpm# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-2.el5.i386.rpm# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.19-18.el5.centos.noarch.rpmwarning: yum-3.2.19-18.el5.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897error: Failed dependencies:yum-fastestmirror is needed by yum-3.2.19-18.el5.centos.noarch# wget ftp://ftp.muug.mb.ca/mirror/centos/5.3/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-13.el5.centos.noarch.rpm# rpm -ivh yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-13.el5.centos.noarch.rpmwarning: yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-13.el5.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897error: Failed dependencies:yum >= 3.0 is needed by yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-13.el5.centos.noarch注意：安装的时候最好几个同时安装，如果单个安装的话可能会出现依赖问题。出现了相互依赖的问题。四／# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.19-18.el5.centos.noarch.rpm yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-13.el5.centos.noarch.rpm------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------五／最后，下载配置文件：# wget http://sudone.com/download/CentOS-Base.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo这样就可以用 CentOS 的 yum 源来更新系统和安装软件了。因为默认的配置文件中服务器地址用的版本号是变量$releasever，所以需要将其替换为实际的版本号，否则是无法连接到服务器的，当前CentOS最新版是5.3，所以我们修改CentOS-Base.repovi CentOS-Base.repo 在vi编辑器中进行全文件替换:%s/$releasever/5.3/ 最后保存退出即可。------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------另外，附上 x86_64 系统使用 CentOS 的 yum 源需要下载的四个包：wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-3.2.19-18.el5.centos.noarch.rpmwget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-2.el5.x86_64.rpmwget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/python-iniparse-0.2.3-4.el5.noarch.rpmwget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/yum-fastestmirror-1.1.16-13.el5.centos.noarch.rpm------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------【自动运行 yum】# chkconfig --list yum# chkconfig --level 3 yum on控制脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/yum,这个控制脚本激活了 /etc/cron.daily/yum.cron，而它又会使 cron 服务来在每日凌晨四点时进行自动的系统更新。
　　1.CentOS yum使用:
　　1   )包的更新
　　1.1)检查可更新包: yum check-update
　　1.2)更新所有包: yum update
　　1.3)更新指定包: yum update package_name
　　1.4)版本升级: yum upgrade
　　2   )包安装与删除
　　2.1)yum install package_name
　　2.2)yum remove package_name
　　3  )包搜索
　　3.1)搜索特定包: yum search package_name
　　3.2)搜索包含特定文件名的包:yum provides name
　　4   )包列表
　　4.1)列出所有安装或更新的包: yum list
　　4.2)列出指定包:yum list name
　　4.3)列出可更新包:yum list updates
　　4.4)列出已安装包:yum list installed
　　4.5)列出已安装但不包含在资源库中的包:yum list extras
　　2.CentOS yum源设定
　　2.1)加快yum下载速度: yum -y install yum-fastestmirror,在CentOs 4上名字叫做yum-plugin-fastestmirror
　　2.2)yum源文件:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
　　2.3)CentOS 5的yum源设为上海交通大学网站
　　CentOS-Base.repo
　　[base]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Base
　　#mirrorlist= http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever5&arch=$basearch&
　　repo=os
　　#baseurl= http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
　　baseurl= http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/$basearch/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　gpgkey= http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
　　#released updates
　　[update]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Updates
　　#mirrorlist= http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
　　baseurl= http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/updates/$basearch/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　gpgkey= http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
　　#packages used/produced in the build but not released
　　[addons]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Addons
　　#mirrorlist= http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
　　baseurl= http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/addons/$basearch/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　gpgkey= http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
　　#additional packages that may be useful
　　[extras]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Extras
　　#mirrorlist= http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
　　baseurl= http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/extras/$basearch/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　gpgkey= http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
　　#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
　　[centosplus]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Plus
　　#mirrorlist= http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
　　baseurl= http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/centosplus/$basearch/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　enabled=0
　　gpgkey= http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
　　#contrib - packages by Centos Users
　　[contrib]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
　　#mirrorlist= http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
　　baseurl= http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/contrib/$basearch/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　enabled=0
　　gpgkey= http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos5
　　a.执行64位：rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-532位：rpm --import http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/5.0/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
　　b.执行 yum update.
　　设置CentOS yum源为国内服务器
　　# CentOS-Base.repo
　　# This file uses a new mirrorlist system developed by Lance Davis for CentOS.
　　# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
　　# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
　　# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
　　# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
　　# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
　　# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
　　[base]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Base
　　baseurl= http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　#released updates
　　[update]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Updates
　　baseurl= http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/updates/i386/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　#packages used/produced in the build but not released
　　[addons]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Addons
　　baseurl= http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/addons/i386/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　#additional packages that may be useful
　　[extras]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Extras
　　baseurl= http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/extras/i386/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
　　[centosplus]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Plus
　　baseurl= http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/centosplus/i386/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　enabled=0
　　#contrib - packages by Centos Users
　　[contrib]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Contrib
　　baseurl= http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/contrib/i386/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　enabled=0
　　#packages in testing
　　[testing]
　　name=CentOS-5 - Testing
　　baseurl= http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/testing/i386/
　　gpgcheck=1
　　enabled=0
　　a.执行:rpm --import http://mirror.be10.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
　　3.这一篇文章只是就CentOS yum使用的基本进行整理，尚有许多未涉及到的地方。不过基本的CentOS yum使用已经足够。