Design Patterns
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A design pattern is a recurring solution to a standard problem.
The most well-known design patterns (in total 23) were documented by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides also called The Gang of Four (GOF) in the book Design Patterns -- Elements of Reusable Software (1995).
There a hunderds of design patterns described in the literature. This tutorial only describes the design patterns documented by the GOF.
The GOF has divided the design patterns into three types.
| Creational patterns
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Deal with initializing and configuring classes and objects
- Abstract Factory
- Builder Factory
- Factory Method
- Prototype Factory
- Singleton
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| Structural patterns
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Deal with decoupling interface and implementation of classes and objects
- Adapter
- Bridge
- Composite
- Decorator
- Facade
- Flyweight
- Proxy
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| Behavioral patterns
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Deal with dynamic interactions among societies of classes and objects
- Chain of Responsibility
- Command
- Interpreter
- Iterator
- Mediator
- Memento
- Observer
- State
- Strategy
- Template
- Visitor
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Creational patterns.
| Factory Method |
Method in a derived class creates associates |
| Abstract Factory |
Factory for building related objects |
| Builder |
Factory for building complex objects incrementally |
| Prototype |
Factory for cloning new instances from a prototype |
| Singleton |
Factory for a singular (sole) instance |
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knowledge of pattern
# creational
1. factory method: lazy initialize specific instance
2. abstract factory: supply a interface for the system
3. builder: builder or create a object apart from its descrition
4. prototype: create new object which type base on the type of specific instance
5. singleton: make sure one class only have one instance, supply for every visitor
allways used with factory pattern together.
# structural
6. adapter: give a interface of class for get another required interface, implement compatibility
7. bridge: extranet abstract class from implement class, make it suit for their single change
public abtract class AbstractRoot
{
operation();
}
8. composite: make a object as tree structure, make "part-all" clearly.
组合模式: ----继承
9. decorator: change extend(8) to delegate
装饰器模式: --- 委托
10. facade: supply a interface for visiting the sub-system
11. flyweight: it seem logic like cache.
if (flyweight[key] exists)
{
return existing flyweight;
}
else
{
create new flyweight;
add it to pool of flyweights;
return the new flyweight;
}
12. proxy: a, remote proxy visit
b, virtual proxy performance
c, protection proxy control
d, smart reference get reference number
# behavioral
13. interpreter 解释模式
14. Template Method 模版模式
AIM: 定义一个操作中的算法的骨架，而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。
ENV: 一次性实现一个算法的不变的部分，并将可变的行为留给子类来实现.
TODO: 比较组合模式
15. Chain of Responsibility
AIM: 使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有一个对象处理它为止.
有多个的对象可以处理一个请求，哪个对象处理该请求运行时刻自动确定。
你想在不明确指定接收者的情况下，向多个对象中的一个提交一个请求。
可处理一个请求的对象集合应被动态指定。
16. Command 命令模式
将一个请求封装为一个对象，从而使你可用不同的请求对客户进行参数化；对请求排队或记录请求日志，以及支持可撤消的操作。
17. Iterator 迭代模式
18. Mediator 仲裁模式
19. Memento 记忆模式
20. Observer 观察者模式
21. State 状态模式
允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时改变它的行为。对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。
22. Strategy 策略模式
TODO: 比较State
定义一系列的算法,把它们一个个封装起来, 并且使它们可相互替换。本模式使得算法可独立于使用它的客户而变化。
23. Vistor 访问模式
<head first ooad>
感觉OO原则其实我们平时编码的最基本原则, 设计模式可以就是遵循的OO原则来运用的.
OO principle
#1 the open-closed principle(ocp)
classed shoulde be open for extension, and closed for modification.
#2 the don't repeat yourself principle (DRY)
have each piece of imformation and behavior in your system in a single,sensible place.
#3 the single responsibility principle(SRP)
Single responsibility priciple correctly when each of your objects has only one reason to change
#4 the Liskov substitution priinciple(LSP)
感觉LSP就是用委托....
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