MySQL免安装版配置与安装

step1:解压mysql包，我的路径是E:\mysql-5.5.19，就用%MySQL_HOME%表示。

step2:写my.ini文件，这个是mysql启动时的配置文件，压缩包里默认提供了几个配置模版，my-small.ini, my-medium.ini, my-large.ini, my-huge.ini, my-innodb-heavy-4G.ini。这几个模版的主要区别是和内存有关的。

如small模版就说：如果系统内存小于64M，并且mysql不常用使用，那就用这个模版，并且使用这个模版mysqld  daemon守护精灵占用的资源最少。这个基本上就是做嵌入式数据库啦。

如果数据库在你的开发中应用中扮演一个比较重要的角色，那就用medium模版。medium模版即适合32M-64M内存的系统使用，又可以满足web开发使用。（是它自己说的，看来这个是全能型选手）

large模版，如果你的系统内存有512M，并且主要运行mysql，那就用这个。（512M现在大家都能轻松达到吧~~）

huge模版，就是系统内存在1G-2G之间用的。

my-innodb-heavy-4G这个模版就厉害，系统4G内存，并且只使用innodb表。这个基本上就是单做数据库服务器才用的。

以下贴上我的my.ini配置：

 

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
# set default character for client
default-character-set=utf8
#password	= your_password
port		= 3306
socket		= /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
character-set-server=utf8
#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir="E:/mysql-5.5.19/"
#Path to the database root
datadir="E:/mysql-5.5.19/data/"
# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=50
# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value
# is high enough for your load.
# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
query_cache_size=67108864
# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_cache=256
# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size=9M
# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size=16

port		= 3306
socket		= /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id	= 1

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
innodb_data_home_dir ="E:/mysql-5.5.19/data/"
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir ="E:/mysql-5.5.19/data/"
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
# information.  If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
# start to allocate it from the OS.  As this is fast enough on most
# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
# recovery process.
innodb_log_file_size = 5M
# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
# (even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size = 1M
# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency=10

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

 

 注意上边mysqld的字符集设置，以前版本的mysqld可以使用default-character-set=utf8，但是新版本那个参数已经删除了，必须使用character-set-server=utf8，否则日志中会记录错误：[ERROR] mysqld: unknown variable 'default-character-set=utf8'。

step3:配置文件写好之后，可以使用mysqld --defaults-file="E:\mysql-5.5.19\my.ini"命令来启动mysql。这时root账户不需要密码。基于最普通的安全考虑，你也应该给root账户设置一个密码。使用如下步骤：

 

use mysql;
update user set password = password('root');

 

 在这里最好使用password()函数，这样有两方面好处，一，设置的密码root是加密存储的。select * from user;时，你会看到密码是一串字符。二，这样做不用更改user表的authentication_string字段的设置。

注意这时有默认的匿名用户，如果不需要应该删掉，在user表中可以看到。

step4:设置完成密码之后，只有重启mysqld服务，更改才能生效。如果只是关闭cmd窗口显然是不起作用的，你在进程管理器中应该还能看到mysqld并没有关掉。必须另开一个cmd，使用如下语句：

 

mysqladmin shutdown -uroot -p

 然后再次启动mysqld就ok了，再次启动的时候，并不需要加上--defaults-file这个参数，如果你没有对它做修改的话。

 

如有错误敬请指正，渴望真像的脚步从未停歇。