mongodb+php学习1

1  mongodb启动时，设置启动项

C:\>mongodb\bin\mongod --config C:\mongodb.conf
其中mongodb.conf为：
   dbpath = D:\mongodb_data
logpath = D:\mongodb.log
logappend = true
   如果是linux的话，则mongod --config /etc/mongodb.conf

  

2 停止server
    db.shutdownServer()

3 常用操作:
   use myfirstdb
  插入db
   db.movies.insert({name:"Source Code", genre:"sci-fi", year:2011})
   查找所有记录
   db.movies.find()
4 php 5.2 mongo driver下载：
http://downloads.mongodb.org/mongo-latestphp5.2vc6ts.
zip
  5.3 mongo driver下载：
  http://downloads.mongodb.org/mongo-latest-php5.3vc6ts.zip

   把DLL复制到extension目录，然后
extension=php_mongo.dll即可

5 列出当前数据库的php mongodb程序
   <?php
try{
$mongo = new Mongo(); //create a connection to MongoDB
$databases = $mongo->listDBs(); //List all databases
echo '<pre>';
print_r($databases);
$mongo->close();
} catch(MongoConnectionException $e) {
//handle connection error
die($e->getMessage());
}
?>
    如果是连接时用不同的端口，构造函数中用：
$mongo = new Mongo($server="mongodb://localhost:8888");
  也可以指定timeout的策略；
  try {
$mongo = new Mongo($options=array('timeout'=> 100))
} catch(MongoConnectionException $e) {
die("Failed to connect to database ".$e->getMessage());
}
  
6 通过PHP保存对象到mongo db中
    $connection = new Mongo();
            $database   = $connection->selectDB('myblogsite');
            $collection = $database->selectCollection('articles');
           
            $article               = array();
            $article['title']      = $_POST['title'];
            $article['content']    = $_POST['content'];
            $article['saved_at'] = new MongoDate();
           
            $collection->insert($article);

      注意的是，默认不用显式create database即可，如果不存在则会自动
新建立database,也可以：
   $connection = new Mongo();
$collection = $connection->myblogsite->articles;
    mongodb的插入是异步的，如果不想异步，可以这样；
   try {
$status = $connection->insert(array('title' => 'Blog Title',
'content' => 'Blog Content'),
array('safe' => True));
echo "Insert operation complete";
} catch (MongoCursorException $e) {
die("Insert failed ".$e->getMessage());
}
  则必须等插入完成后才返回给用户，继续执行下一条语句
    也可以指定timeout的策略：
    $collection->insert($document, array('safe' => True,
'timeout' => True));

7 设置自己的自增id
  
    $document = array('_id' => hash('sha1', $username.time()),
     将设置id为username后加上当前时间再hash.

8 日期设置
   $article['saved_at'] = new MongoDate();
   $timestamp = new MongoDate(strtotime('2011-05-21 12:00:00'));
print date('g:i a, F j', $timestamp->sec); //prints 12 pm, May 21

   $lastweek = new MongoDate(strtotime('-1 week'));  //找出一个星期以来的记录
$cursor = $articleCollection->find(array('saved_at' =>
array('$gt' => $lastweek)));


   指定一定范围内的记录：


   $start = new MongoDate(strtotime('2011-05-01 00:00:00'));
$end = new MongoDate(strtotime('2011-05-31 23:59:59'));
$articleCollection->find(array('saved_at'=>
array('$gte' => $start,
'$lte' => $end)));






 
9 列出某个表的所有记录
   $cursor = $collection->find();
   <?php while ($cursor->hasNext()):
$article = $cursor->getNext(); ?>
<h2><?php echo $article['title']; ?></h2>
  ............

  找某条记录：$article = $collection->findOne(array('_id'=>
new MongoId($id)));
    查找时也可以传入多个参数：
$moviesCollection->find(array('genre' => 'comedy', 'year' => 2011));
   if ($cursor->count() === 0)  //如果找不到
 
   如果查询多个条件：
   $collection->find(array('x' => array('$gt' => 100)));
//$ is escaped within double quotes (")
$collection->find(array('x' => array("\$gt" => 100)));
   注意要用单引号，如果要用双引号，则要加上转义符。

10 排序：
     $cursor->sort(array('saved_at' => -1)) //按save_at字段降序排列，1为升序
11 skip和limit:
      $cursor = $articleCollection->find();
//skip the first five articles in the cursor
$cursor->skip(5);
     $cursor->limit(10);//结果集只取10条

12 更新数据库
   $articleCollection->update(array('_id' => new MongoId($id)),
$article);
   第一个参数为指定的条件（更新条件），第二个参数为要更新的对象
还有可选参数如下；
   $collection->update($criteria, $newobj, array('safe' => True));
   safe=true时，等到UPDATE结束才返回结果

  mongodb还支持upsert的操作：如果存在则更新，如果不存在则插入
    $users->update(array('email' => '[e-mail]'),
array('firstname' => 'Alice', 'lastname'=> 'Liddell'),
array('upsert' => True));

     这里对email为[e-mail]的记录进行更新其firstname,lastname字段的内容

13 修饰符
     比如set,只修改记录的某个部分，可以这样：
   $articles->update(array('_id' => MongoId('4dcd2abe5981')),
array('$set' => array('title' => 'New
Title')));
   使用inc:
     $articles->update(array('_id' => MongoId('4dcd2abe5981')),
array('$set' => array('content' => 'New Content'),
'$inc' => array('update_count' => 1)));
    将update_count+1

   unset:
   $articles->update(array('_id' => MongoId('4dcd2abe5981')),
array('$unset' => array('title' => True)));
   将title field从这个document中移除

  更名rename:
$articles->update(array(),
array('$rename' => array('saved_at' =>
'created_at')),
array('multiple' => True));
将save_at更名为create_at

 
14 删除记录
   $articleCollection->remove(array('_id' => new MongoId($id)));
  $movies->remove(array('genre' =>'drama'),
array('justOne' => True));
  如果加了justOne的参数，则只删除符合条件的一条记录而已，其他不删除

15 document的关系
  1）嵌套
     {
"_id" : ObjectId("4dd491695072aefc456c9aca"),
"username" : "alphareplicant",
"email" : "[e-mail]",
"fullname" : "Roy Batty",
"joined_at" : ISODate("2011-05-19T03:41:29.703Z"),
"address" : {
"street" : "13 Tannhauser Gate",
"city" : "Caprica",
"state" : "CC",
"zipcode" : 512
},
}
  2）引用
    {
_id : ObjectId("4dcd2abe5981aec801010000"),
title : "The only perfect site is hind-site",
content : "Loren ipsum dolor sit amet…",
saved_at : ISODate('2011-05-16T18:42:57.949Z'),
author_id : ObjectId("4dd491695072aefc456c9aca")
}

  3）比如一个一对多的关系：
     比如一个文章下的评论：
    $comment = array(
'name' => $_POST['commenter_name'],
'email' => $_POST['commenter_email'],
'comment' => $_POST['comment'],
'posted_at' => new MongoDate()
);
    $collection->update(array('_id' => new MongoId($id)),
array('$push' => array('comments' =>
$comments)));
   使用的是$push的修饰符，一般来说，用内嵌的document效率比较高
或者：
   $article = $articleCollection->findOne(array('_id' => new MongoId($id)));

$comments = (isset($article['comments'])) ? $article['comments'] : array();

$comment = array(
                    'name' => $_POST['commenter_name'],
                    'email' => $_POST['commenter_email'],
                    'comment' => $_POST['comment'],
                    'posted_at' => new MongoDate()
                );
               
array_push($comments, $comment);

$articleCollection->update(array('_id' => new MongoId($id)), array('$set' => array('comments' =>

$comments)));





  使用.号来查询子嵌套文档
  {
name : "Gordon Freeman",
address : {
city : "Springfield",
state : "Florida"
}
}
  {
name : "Lara Croft",
address : {
city : "Miami",
state: "Florida"
}
}
  则查询address中state为florida的document:
  $users->find(array('address.city' => 'Springfield',
'address.state' => 'Florida'));