通过CountDownLatch来分析AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的源码 -

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通过CountDownLatch来分析AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的源码

java AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

CountDownLatch：计数门闩，可以用来协调多个线程的协作，使用CountDownLatch的典型场景：某项工作需要多个线程共同来完成，并且其中一个线程（往往是主线程）需要等待其他线程都已经完成了自己的工作时才能继续进行，否则要等待。下面分析CountDownLatch源码：

package java.util.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;

public class CountDownLatch {
    /**
     * Synchronization control For CountDownLatch.
     * Uses AQS state to represent count.
     */
    private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L;

        Sync(int count) {
            setState(count);
        }

        int getCount() {
            return getState();
        }

        public int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
            return getState() == 0? 1 : -1;
        }

        public boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
            // Decrement count; signal when transition to zero
            for (;;) {
                int c = getState();
                if (c == 0)
                    return false;
                int nextc = c-1;
                if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
                    return nextc == 0;
            }
        }
    }

    private final Sync sync;

    /**
     * 构造函数，关键代码是构建了Ｓｙｎｃ对象
     *
     */
    public CountDownLatch(int count) {
        if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
        this.sync = new Sync(count);
    }

    /**
	 * 如果门闩值>0,则当前线程等待。否则该方法立刻返回。
	 * 调用countDown方法会使门闩值减少。
     */
    public void await() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
    }

    /**
     * 如果门闩值>0,则当前线程等待，直到门闩值<=0|| timeout时间到。
	 * 否则该方法立刻返回。
	 *　调用countDown方法会使门闩值减少。
     */
    public boolean await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }

    /**
     * 减少门闩值, 如果门闩值==0,则释放所有等待的线程。
     *
     */
    public void countDown() {
        sync.releaseShared(1);
    }

    public long getCount() {
        return sync.getCount();
    }

    public String toString() {
        return super.toString() + "[Count = " + sync.getCount() + "]";
    }
}

CountDownLatch代码非常简单，关键方法已经加上了注释，CountDownLatch的核心逻辑都委托给了Sync这个静态内部类。Sync类继承了AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 。AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 为实现依赖于先进先出 (FIFO) 等待队列的阻塞锁定和相关同步器（信号量、事件，等等）提供一个框架。此类的设计目标是成为依靠单个原子 int 值来表示状态的大多数同步器的一个有用基础。通俗点说，用java的人都知道synchronized能够对一个需要确保线程安全的对象，方法实现多线程并发控制，这是在java语法层次的实现，而AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 则是在应用层次而不是语法层次（更高的层次）提供了实现多线程并发控制组件的基础框架，通过AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

我们可以根据自己的需要设计灵活的多线程并发控制组件，CountDownLatch就是这种组件的典型代表。AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 代码比较复杂，先由浅至深的开始学习，

首先看一下其类层次结构：

可以看出AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的子类都是静态内部类（比如CountDownLatch.Sync）,其javadoc已明确说明了具体用法：

* <p>Subclasses should be defined as non-public internal helper
* classes that are used to implement the synchronization properties
* of their enclosing class.

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的子类都被定义成非公有内部帮助类，来实现附属类的同步策略。

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的关键设计思想：

1. 使用等待队列来维护所有等待的线程，等待队列的具体实现是一个双向链表，链表的每个节点由AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.Node类体现。AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的私有成员head，tail是链表的头尾节点：

    /**
     * Head of the wait queue, lazily initialized.  Except for
     * initialization, it is modified only via method setHead.  Note:
     * If head exists, its waitStatus is guaranteed not to be
     * CANCELLED.
     */
    private transient volatile Node head;

    /**
     * Tail of the wait queue, lazily initialized.  Modified only via
     * method enq to add new wait node.
     */
    private transient volatile Node tail;

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的等待队列是"CLH"队列的变体，"CLH"队列经常用来实现"自旋锁"，而这里主要是借鉴"CLH"队列的思想来持有等待线程的控制信息。队列中的每个节点保存如下信息：

/**
* 状态域，取值仅限于下面几个：
* SIGNAL:
* 当前节点的后继节点被阻塞（通过park），所以当当前节点释放或者撤销的时候必须启动（unpark）它的后继节点。
* 为了避免竞争，acquire的相关方法必须首先指出他们需要一个signal，然后不断地重试原子的acquire，如果失败就阻塞（block）。

* CANCELLED: This node is cancelled due to timeout or interrupt.
* Nodes never leave this state. In particular,
* a thread with cancelled node never again blocks.
* CONDITION: This node is currently on a condition queue.
* It will not be used as a sync queue node
* until transferred, at which time the status
* will be set to 0. (Use of this value here has
* nothing to do with the other uses of the
* field, but simplifies mechanics.)
* PROPAGATE: A releaseShared should be propagated to other
* nodes. This is set (for head node only) in
* doReleaseShared to ensure propagation
* continues, even if other operations have
* since intervened.
* 0: None of the above
*
* The values are arranged numerically to simplify use.
* Non-negative values mean that a node doesn't need to
* signal. So, most code doesn't need to check for particular
* values, just for sign.
*
* The field is initialized to 0 for normal sync nodes, and
* CONDITION for condition nodes. It is modified only using
* CAS.
*/
volatile int waitStatus;

/**
*
*/
volatile Node prev;

/**
*
*/
volatile Node next;

/**
* The thread that enqueued this node. Initialized on
* construction and nulled out after use.
*/
volatile Thread thread;

/**
* Link to next node waiting on condition, or the special
* value SHARED. Because condition queues are accessed only
* when holding in exclusive mode, we just need a simple
* linked queue to hold nodes while they are waiting on
* conditions. They are then transferred to the queue to
* re-acquire. And because conditions can only be exclusive,
* we save a field by using special value to indicate shared
* mode.
*/
Node nextWaiter;

2. 使用int值来代表同步器的状态：

    /**
     * The synchronization state.
     */
    private volatile int state;

    /**
     * Returns the current value of synchronization state.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a <tt>volatile</tt> read.
     * @return current state value
     */
    protected final int getState() {
        return state;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of synchronization state.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a <tt>volatile</tt> write.
     * @param newState the new state value
     */
    protected final void setState(int newState) {
        state = newState;
    }

3. 使用"自旋锁"的思想通过对volatile的类成员的安全访问来实现锁控制和管理

以CountDownLatch.await方法为例：

    public void await() throws InterruptedException {
        sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
    }

F3进去：

    public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
            doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(arg);
    }

F3进去：

    /**
     * Acquires in shared interruptible mode.
     * @param arg the acquire argument
     */
    private void doAcquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
        try {
            for (;;) {
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head) {
                    int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
                    if (r >= 0) {
                        setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
                        p.next = null; // help GC
                        return;
                    }
                }
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    break;
            }
        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            cancelAcquire(node);
            throw ex;
        }
        // Arrive here only if interrupted
        cancelAcquire(node);
        throw new InterruptedException();
    }