HttpClient设置HTTP请求头Header

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Httpclient

HttpClient header Referer User-Agent Accept

用Firebug对POST的数据进行监控 请求 HTTP头 信息,得到如下内容:

Accept	application/json, text/javascript, */*
Accept-Encoding	gzip, deflate
Accept-Language	en-us,en;q=0.5
Cache-Control	no-cache
Content-Length	432
Content-Type	application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
Host	www.huaxixiang.com
Pragma	no-cache
Proxy-Connection	keep-alive
Refere   http://www.huaxixiang.com/CrossPriceDetail.action
User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:11.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/11.0
X-Requested-With	XMLHttpRequest

用HttpClient模仿浏览器访问页面,加载URL的HTML信息,为了良好的加载网站的信息,不被限制.

为了说明请求头的信息添加了一个小测试项目LoginTest,添加页面index.jsp,添加主要代码打印Http Header的JSP页面.

主要打印Http Header信息.

1. index.jsp

out.println("Protocol: " + request.getProtocol()); 
out.println("Scheme: " + request.getScheme()); 
out.println("Server Name: " + request.getServerName() ); 
out.println("Server Port: " + request.getServerPort()); 
out.println("Protocol: " + request.getProtocol()); 
out.println("Server Info: " + getServletConfig().getServletContext().getServerInfo()); 
out.println("Remote Addr: " + request.getRemoteAddr());
out.println("Remote Host: " + request.getRemoteHost()); 
out.println("Character Encoding: " + request.getCharacterEncoding()); 
out.println("Content Length: " + request.getContentLength()); 
out.println("Content Type: "+ request.getContentType()); 
out.println("Auth Type: " + request.getAuthType()); 
out.println("HTTP Method: " + request.getMethod()); 
out.println("Path Info: " + request.getPathInfo()); 
out.println("Path Trans: " + request.getPathTranslated()); 
out.println("Query String: " + request.getQueryString()); 
out.println("Remote User: " + request.getRemoteUser()); 
out.println("Session Id: " + request.getRequestedSessionId()); 
out.println("Request URI: " + request.getRequestURI()); 
out.println("Servlet Path: " + request.getServletPath()); 
out.println("Accept: " + request.getHeader("Accept")); 
out.println("Host: " + request.getHeader("Host")); 
out.println("Referer : " + request.getHeader("Referer")); 
out.println("Accept-Language : " + request.getHeader("Accept-Language")); 
out.println("Accept-Encoding : " + request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding")); 
out.println("User-Agent : " + request.getHeader("User-Agent")); 
out.println("Connection : " + request.getHeader("Connection")); 
out.println("Cookie : " + request.getHeader("Cookie")); 
out.println("Created : " + session.getCreationTime()); 
out.println("LastAccessed : " + session.getLastAccessedTime());

2. 使用IE浏览器加载http://127.0.0.1:8080/LoginTest/index.jsp返回内容如下:

Protocol: HTTP/1.1 
Scheme: http 
Server Name: 127.0.0.1 
Server Port: 8080 
Protocol: HTTP/1.1 
Server Info: Apache Tomcat/6.0.18 
Remote Addr: 127.0.0.1 
Remote Host: 127.0.0.1 
Character Encoding: null 
Content Length: -1 
Content Type: null 
Auth Type: null 
HTTP Method: GET 
Path Info: null 
Path Trans: null 
Query String: null 
Remote User: null 
Session Id: E2C384C095E34AD355684EB554517FB1 
Request URI: /LoginTest/index.jsp 
Servlet Path: /index.jsp 
Accept: */* 
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080 
Referer : null 
Accept-Language : en-us 
Accept-Encoding : gzip, deflate 
User-Agent : Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.3; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E) 
Connection : Keep-Alive 
Cookie : JSESSIONID=E2C384C095E34AD355684EB554517FB1 
Created : 1322294859981 
LastAccessed : 1322294859981

3. 后面使用HttpClient不设置header信息加载http://127.0.0.1:8080/LoginTest/index.jsp信息如下:

Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Scheme: httpServer 
Name: 127.0.0.1
Server Port: 8080
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Server Info: Apache Tomcat/6.0.18
Remote Addr: 127.0.0.1
Remote Host: 127.0.0.1
Character Encoding: null
Content Length: -1
Content Type: null
Auth Type: null
HTTP Method: GET
Path Info: null
Path Trans: null
Query String: null
Remote User: null
Session Id: null
Request URI: /LoginTest/index.jspServlet 
Path: /index.jsp
Accept: null
Host: 127.0.0.1:8080
Referer : null
Accept-Language : null
Accept-Encoding : null
User-Agent : Apache-HttpClient/4.1.1 (java 1.5)
Connection : Keep-Alive
Cookie : null
Created : 1322293843369
LastAccessed : 1322293843369

分析: 由于这里纯粹加载页面,没有动用CookieStore自动管理Cookie,在上面没有能显示Cookie,SessionID的信息,区别于浏览器的的User-Agent,Cookie,SessionID,Accept,Accept-Language,Accept-Encoding等信息都没有进行设置.

对于爬取网站在HttpClient中设置Host,Referer,User-Agent,Connection,Cookie和爬取的频率和入口Url有讲究.

4. 考虑设置HttpClient的Header信息代码:

HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
headers.put("Referer", p.url);
headers.put("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.6) Gecko/20100625 

Firefox/3.6.6 Greatwqs");
headers.put("Accept","text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8");
headers.put("Accept-Language","zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");
headers.put("Host","www.yourdomain.com");
headers.put("Accept-Charset","ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7");
headers.put("Referer", "http://www.yourdomian.com/xxxAction.html");
HttpRequestBase httpget = ......
httpget.setHeaders(headers);

5. 由新的HttpClient执行http://127.0.0.1:8080/LoginTest/index.jsp得到的HTML信息如下:

Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Scheme: http
Server Name: www.yourdomain.com
Server Port: 80
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Server Info: Apache Tomcat/6.0.18
Remote Addr: 127.0.0.1
Remote Host: 127.0.0.1
Character Encoding: null
Content Length: -1
Content Type: null
Auth Type: null
HTTP Method: GET
Path Info: null
Path Trans: null
Query String: null
Remote User: null
Session Id: null
Request URI: /LoginTest/index.jsp
Servlet Path: /index.jsp
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Host: www.yourdomain.com
Referer : http://www.yourdomian.com/xxxAction.html
Accept-Language : zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding : null
User-Agent : Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.6) Gecko/20100625 Firefox/3.6.6 

Greatwqs
Connection : Keep-Alive
Cookie : null
Created : 1322294148709
LastAccessed : 1322294148709

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