df 和 du的区别

http://www.chinaunix.net/jh/6/465673.html
http://doc.linuxpk.com/151.html

总结：df和du的统计方式不一样。
du：系统“名正言顺”的各类文件
df：系统分配出去的
程序open文件A，而没有close。
用户将文件A删除，df统计时会将文件A占用的block统计上。


Document Id: 26928Synopsis: du and df Differences (originally published 8/91)
Update date: 2001-05-13Description: du and df Differences
-- --- -- -----------

This article explains how reporting disk usage du and reporting free disk space
on file systems df may show different numbers.

du
--

The du user command gives the number of kilobytes contained in all files and,
recursively, directories within each specified directory or file (filename).
If filename is missing, `.' (the current directory) is used.  A file which
has multiple links to it is only counted once.

EXAMPLE:

  system % du

  5    ./jokes
  33   ./squash
  44   ./tech.papers/lpr.document
  217  ./tech.papers/new.manager
  401  ./tech.papers
  144  ./memos
  80   ./letters
  388  ./window
  93   ./messages
  15   ./useful.news
  1211 .

Note that the last number, 1211 is the grand total (in kilobytes) for the
directory.

df
--

The df user command displays the following information:

  amount of disk space occupied by currently mounted file systems
  the amount of used and available space
  how much of the file system's total capacity has been used

Used without arguments, df reports on all mounted file systems.

EXAMPLE:

  system % df

  Filesystem  kbytes  used  avail  capacity  Mounted on
  /dev/ip0a    7445    4714 1986   70%       /
  /dev/ip0g   42277   35291 2758   93%       /usr

Note: used plus avail is less than the amount of space in the file system
(kilobytes) because the system reserves a fraction of the space in the file
system to allow its allocation routines to work well.  The amount reserved is
typically about 10%.  (This may be adjusted using the tunefs command.  Refer to
the man pages on tunefs(8) for more information.)  When all the space on a file
system, except for this reserve, is in use, only the super-user can allocate
new files and data blocks to existing files.  This, however, may cause the file
system to be over allocated.  When a file system is over allocated in this way,
df may report that the file system is more than 100% utilized.

If arguments to df are disk partitions (for example, /dev/ip0as or path names),
df produces a report on the file system containing the named file.  Thus, df
shows the amount of space on the file system containing the current directory.

Problem Definition
------- ----------

This section gives the technical explanation of why du and df sometimes report
different totals of disk space usage.

When a program that is running in the background writes to a file while the
process is running, the file to which this process is writing is deleted.
Running df and du shows a discrepancy in the amount of disk space usage.  The
df command shows a higher value.

Explanation Summary
----------- -------

When you open a file, you get a pointer.  Subsequent writes to this file
references this file pointer.  The write call does not check to see if the file
is there or not.  It just writes to the specified number of characters starting
at a predetermined location.  Regardless of whether the file exist or not, disk
blocks are used by the write operation.

The df command reports the number of disk blocks used while du goes through the
file structure and and reports the number of blocks used by each directory.  As
far as du is concerned, the file used by the process does not exist, so it does
not report blocks used by this phantom file.  But df keeps track of disk blocks
used, and it reports the blocks used by this phantom file.