Ruby学习二 数组(2)

ruby and watir学习之_Array 类

http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangfei/archive/2010/07/28/1786927.html

 

Array 类说明

函数名称	说明	示例
&	数组与，返回两数组的交集	[ 1,2] & [2,3]   » [ 2]
*	复制数组 n 次	[ 1,2]*2            » [ 1,2,1,2]
+	返回两数组的并集，但不排除重复元素	[ 1,2]+[2,3]      » [ 1,2,2,3]
< <	追加元素，但不排除重复元素	[ 1,2]<<[2,3]     » [ 1,2,2,3]
|	追加元素，但排除重复元素	1,2] | [2,3]      » [ 1,2,3]
-	返回第一个数组与第二个数组不同的元 素	[ 1,2]-[2,3]      » [ 1]
<= >	比较数组	[ 1,2]<=>[2,3]   » fl ase
==	比较数组，若所有元素均相等时返回真	[ 1,2]==[2,1]      » fl ase
assoc	从数组的每个元素中寻找指定对象	[[ 1,2],[3,4]].assoc(2)  » [ 1,2]
at	找到数组的第 N 个元素 负数表示逆向查找	[ " a","b","c","d","e"].at(0) » " a" ["a","b","c","d","e"].at(-1)   » " e"
clear	删除数组中的所有元素	[ " a","b","c","d","e"]. clear

collect collect ！	用一个过程块对数组的每个元素进行处 理	[ " a","b","c","d"].collect {|x| x + "!" } » [ " a!", "b!", "c!", "d!"]
compact compact!	删除值为 nil 的元素后生成新数组并返 回它	[ " a",nil,"b",nil,"c",nil].compact » [ " a", "b", "c"]
d elete	删除元素，如果元素重复，全部删除	a = [ "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" ] a.delete("b") pu t s a       » ["a","c"]
d elete_at	删除 p o s 所指位置的元素并返回它。若 p o s 超出数组范围则返回 nil	a = %w( ant bat cat dog ) a.delete_at(2)    » " c at" a                          » [" ant", "bat", "dog"] a.delete_at(99)    » n i l
d elete_if	根据条件删除	a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.delete_if {|x| x >= "b" }   » [ " a"]
each	对数组的每个元素按值进行迭代操作	a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.each {|x| print x, " -- " } »    " a -- b -- c --"
each_index	对数组的每个元素按索引进行迭代操作	a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.each_index {|x| print x, " -- " } » " 0 -- 1 -- 2 --"
empty?	判断数组是否为空，为空则返回真	[]. empty?   » t rue
eql ！	比较两数组是否相等	[ " a","b","c"].eql?(["a","b","c"]) » t rue
fill	填充数组	[ " a","b","c","d"].fill("x") » [ " x","x","x","x"] ["a","b","c","d"].fill("z", 2, 2) » [ " x", "x", "z", "z"]
fi rst	返回数组的首元素。若没有首元素则返 回 nil	[ "q", "r", "s", "t" ].first      » "q "
l ast	返回数组末尾的元素。若数组为空时， 返回 nil	[" w " , " x " , " y " , " z"].last           » " z"
i n clude?	判断数组中是否包含元素	a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.include?("b")  » t rue a.include?("z")  » f alse
i nd ex	返回数组中第一个==v a l 的元素的位置	a = [ "a", "b", "c" ] a.index("b")  » 1 a.index("z")   » n i l
i nd exes	以数组形式返回其索引值与各参数值相 等的元素	a = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g" ] a.indexes(0, 2, 4)         » [ " a", "c", "e"] a.indexes( 2, 4, 12)      » [ "c", "e", nil]
i n sert	在索引为 n t h 的元素前面插入第 2 参数 以后的值	ary = %w(foo bar baz) ary.insert 2,'a','b' p ary     » [ " f oo" , "bar", "a", "b", "baz"]
j o i n	将数组元素按一定的分隔符连接起来	[ "a", "b", "c" ].join  » " abc" [ "a", "b", "c" ].join("-")  » " a-b-c"

l ength size	返回数组长度。若数组为空则返回 0	[ 1,2,3].length        » 3 [1,2,3].size            » 3
n it ems	返回非 nil 元素的个数	[ 1, nil, 3, nil, 5 ].nitems  » 3
p o p	删除末尾元素并返回它。若数组为空则 返回 nil	a = [ "a", "m", "z" ] a.pop                            » " z" p a                               » [ " a", "m"]
pu s h	添加新元素	[ " a","b"].push(['1','2']) » ["a", "b", ["1", "2"]]
rassoc	遍历数组每个元素（元素必须是数组）， 匹配索引为 1 的值是否与查找的字符相 等，返回第一个相等的元素	a = [[15,1], [25,2], [35,2]] p a.rassoc(2)                  » [ 25, 2]
replace	替换数组元素	a = ["a","b"] a.replace(["x","y","z"]) p a                                   » [ "x" , "y", "z"]
reverse reverse ！	将所有元素以逆序重新排列生成新数组 并返回它	[ " a","b","c" ].reverse  » [ " c", "b", "a"]
rindex	返回最后一个值相等的元素的索引值	a = [ "a","b","b","b","c"] a.rindex("b")                        » 3
shift	删除数组的首元素并返回它。剩余元素 依次提前。若数组为空返回 nil。	args = ["-m","-q","filename"] args.shift   » " -m" args   » [ " - q" , "filename"]
sort sort!	从小到大排序	a = [ "d", "a", "e", "c", "b" ] a.sort       » [ " a " , "b", "c", "d", "e"]
un i q uniq ！	删除数组中的重复元素后生成新数组并 返回它	a = [ "a", "a", "b", "b", "c" ] a.uniq            » [ " a " , "b", "c"]
un s h i f t	在数组第一个元素前添加元素	a = [ "b", "c", "d" ] a.unshift("a")      » [ " a " , "b", "c", "d"]
t o_ s	将数组的所有元素连接成字符串	[ " a","e","i","o"].to_s         » " aeio"