Oracle 常用SQL查询

1、查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;
2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;
3、查看回滚段名称及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;
4、查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile;
5、查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile;
6、查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "%FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME ANDA.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7、查看数据库库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects groupby owner, object_type, status;
8、查看数据库的版本　
Select version FROM Product_component_version
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10、捕捉运行很久的SQL
column username format a12
column opname format a16
column progress format a8
select username,sid,opname,
round(sofar*100 /totalwork,0) '%' as progress,
time_remaining,sql_text
from v$session_longops , v$sql
where time_remaining <> 0
and sql_address = address
and sql_hash_value = hash_value
/
11。查看数据表的参数信息
SELECTpartition_name,high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans,max_trans, initial_extent,
next_extent, min_extent,max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
freelist_groups, LOGGING,BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
empty_blocks, avg_space,chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
last_analyzed
FROM dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :townerORDER BY partition_position
12.查看还没提交的事务
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;
13。查找object为哪些进程所用
selectp.spid,s.sid,s.serial# serial_num,s.username user_name,a.typeobject_type,s.osuser os_user_name,a.owner,a.object object_name,decode(sign(48 - command),1,to_char(command), 'Action Code #' to_char(command) ) action,p.program oracle_process,s.terminal terminal,s.program program,s.status session_status
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr and
s.type = 'USER' and

a.sid = s.sidand
a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'order by s.username, s.osuser
14。回滚段查看
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name,v$rollstat.extentsExtents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat,sys.dba_rollback_segs,v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) =sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name andv$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15。耗资源的进程（topsession）
select s.schemaname schema_name,
decode(sign(48 - command), 1,to_char(command), 'Action Code #' to_char(command) ) action,
statussession_status,
s.osuser os_user_name,
s.sid,p.spid ,
s.serial# serial_num,
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
st.value criteria_valuefrom v$sesstat st,
v$sessions, v$process p
where st.sid = s.sid and
st.statistic# = to_number('38') and
('ALL' = 'ALL'or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.valuedesc,p.spid asc,s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16。查看锁（lock）情况
select/*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name,
ls.username user_name,
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueuelock', 'TM', 'DML enqueuelock', 'TX','Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User suppliedlock') lock_type,
o.object_name object,
decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'RowShare', 3,'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)lock_mode,
o.owner,
ls.sid,
ls.serial# serial_num,
ls.id1,
ls.id2
from sys.dba_objects o, (
select s.osuser,
s.username,
l.type,
l.lmode,
s.sid,
s.serial#,
l.id1,
l.id2
fromv$session s,
v$lock l
where s.sid = l.sid ) lswhere o.object_id = ls.id1 and
o.owner<> 'SYS'order by o.owner,o.object_name
17。查看等待（wait）情况
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count,SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_valueFROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN('db block gets','consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class,v$waitstat.count
18。查看sga情况
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDERBY NAME ASC
19。查看catched object
SELECT owner,name,db_link,namespace,
type,sharable_mem,loads,executions,
locks,pins,keptFROM v$db_object_cache
20。查看V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM,SORTS,VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS,DISK_READS,
BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROMV$SQLAREA
21。查看object分类数量
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity fromsys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group bydecode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ unionselect 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
22。按用户查看object种类
select u.name schema,
sum(decode(o.type#,1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL))tables,
sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))clusters,
sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL))views,
sum(decode(o.type#,5, 1,NULL)) synonyms,
sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL))sequences,
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL,3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL,1))othersfrom sys.obj$ o,sys.user$ uwhere o.type#>= 1 and
u.user# =o.owner# and
u.name <> 'PUBLIC'group by u.nameorder bysys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) fromsys.con$
23。有关connection的相关信息
1）查看有哪些用户连接
select s.osuser os_user_name,
decode(sign(48 -command), 1, to_char(command),
'Action Code #' to_char(command)) action,
p.programoracle_process,

status session_status,
s.terminal terminal,
s.programprogram,
s.username user_name,
s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,
'' query,
0 memory,
0 max_memory,0 cpu_usage,
s.sid,
s.serial#serial_num
from v$session s,
v$process pwhere s.paddr=p.addr and
s.type = 'USER'
order by s.username,s.osuser2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
select n.name,
v.value,
n.class,
n.statistic#
fromv$statname n,
v$sesstat vwhere v.sid = 71 and
v.statistic# = n.statistic#order by n.class, n.statistic#3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
select/*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
command_type,
sql_text,
sharable_mem,
persistent_mem,
runtime_mem,
sorts,
version_count,
loaded_versions,
open_versions,
users_opening,
executions,
users_executing,
loads,
first_load_time,
invalidations,
parse_calls,
disk_reads,
buffer_gets,
rows_processed,
sysdate start_time,
sysdate finish_time,
'>' address sql_address,
'N' statusfrom v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session wheresid = 71)
24．查询表空间使用情况
select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2)"占用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2)"容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2)"空闲(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2)"使用(M)",
Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-ddhh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"
from(selectf.tablespace_name,

sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,

sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes))maxbytes
fromdba_data_files f
group bytablespace_name) a,
(selectf.tablespace_name,

sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
fromdba_free_space f
group bytablespace_name) b,
(selectround(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,

ts.name tablespace_name
from sys.fet$ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
wherets.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group byts.name, tf.blocks) c
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name anda.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
25. 查询表空间的碎片程度
selecttablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group bytablespace_name
havingcount(tablespace_name)>10;
altertablespace name coalesce;
alter tablename deallocate unused;
create orreplace view ts_blocks_v as
selecttablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name fromdba_free_space
union all
selecttablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
select *from ts_blocks_v;
selecttablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_spacegroup bytablespace_name;
26。查询有哪些数据库实例在运行
selectinst_name from active_instances;

27 查询被锁对象及系统进程

select object_name as 对象名称, s.sid, s.serial#, p.spid as 系统进程号
  from v$locked_object l, dba_objects o, v$session s, v$process p
 where l.object_id = o.object_id
   and l.session_id = s.sid
   and s.paddr = p.addr;

这个是为上面查出来的数据，然后对sid，及serial 进行删除 

 alter system kill session '1082,19841'; --sid及serial#

28 查询某用户在某空间下的索引，方便迁移索引表空间

SELECT 'ALTER INDEX ' || INDEX_NAME ||
       ' REBUILD TABLESPACE INDEX_TABLESPACE_NAME;'
  FROM dba_indexes
 WHERE owner = 'GDCZTCG_DEV'
   AND tablespace_name = 'USERS'
   AND INDEX_TYPE != 'LOB';