python面向对象

------class--------

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: simplestclass.py

class Person:
    pass # An empty block

p = Person()
print p 

$ python simplestclass.py
<__main__.Person instance at 0xf6fcb18c>
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#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: method.py

class Person:
    def sayHi(self):
        print 'Hello, how are you?'

p = Person()
p.sayHi()

# This short example can also be written as Person().sayHi() 

$ python method.py
Hello, how are you?
-------__init__----------是不是可以称为构造方法

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: class_init.py

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
    def sayHi(self):
        print 'Hello, my name is', self.name

p = Person('Swaroop')
p.sayHi()

# This short example can also be written as Person('Swaroop').sayHi() 

$ python class_init.py
Hello, my name is Swaroop
--------

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: objvar.py

class Person:
    '''Represents a person.'''
    population = 0

    def __init__(self, name):
        '''Initializes the person's data.'''
        self.name = name
        print '(Initializing %s)' % self.name

        # When this person is created, he/she
        # adds to the population
        Person.population += 1

    def __del__(self):
        '''I am dying.'''
        print '%s says bye.' % self.name

        Person.population -= 1

        if Person.population == 0:
            print 'I am the last one.'
        else:
            print 'There are still %d people left.' % Person.population

    def sayHi(self):
        '''Greeting by the person.

        Really, that's all it does.'''
        print 'Hi, my name is %s.' % self.name

    def howMany(self):
        '''Prints the current population.'''
        if Person.population == 1:
            print 'I am the only person here.'
        else:
            print 'We have %d persons here.' % Person.population

swaroop = Person('Swaroop')
swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany()

kalam = Person('Abdul Kalam')
kalam.sayHi()
kalam.howMany()

swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany() 

$ python objvar.py
(Initializing Swaroop)
Hi, my name is Swaroop.
I am the only person here.
(Initializing Abdul Kalam)
Hi, my name is Abdul Kalam.
We have 2 persons here.
Hi, my name is Swaroop.
We have 2 persons here.
Abdul Kalam says bye.
There are still 1 people left.
Swaroop says bye.
I am the last one.

当对象不再被使用时，__del__方法运行，但是很难保证这个方法究竟在 什么时候 运行。如果你想要指明它的运行，你就得使用del语句，就如同我们在以前的例子中使用的那样
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